python argparse - 要么是可选参数要么都不是 [英] python argparse - either both optional arguments or else neither one

问题描述

我有一个使用默认名称和密码的程序.我正在使用 argparse 来允许用户指定命令行选项，并且我想让用户为程序提供不同的名称和密码以供使用.所以我有以下几点:

I have a program that uses a default name and password. I'm using argparse to allow the user to specify command line options, and I would like to enable the user to provide the program with a different name and password to use. So I have the following:

parser.add_argument(
    '-n',
    '--name',
    help='the login name that you wish the program to use'
    )

parser.add_argument(
    '-p',
    '--password',
    help='the password to log in with.'
    )

但是只指定名称或只指定密码没有任何意义，但不指定任何一个都有意义.我注意到 argparse 确实能够指定两个参数是互斥的.但我所拥有的是必须同时出现的两个论点.我如何获得这种行为?(我发现文档中提到了参数组"，但它们似乎没有解决我的问题 http://docs.python.org/2/library/argparse.html#argument-groups)

But it doesn't make any sense to specify only the name or only the password, but it would make sense to specify neither one. I noticed that argparse does have the ability to specify that two arguments are mutually exclusive. But what I have are two arguments that must appear together. How do I get this behavior? (I found "argument groups" mentioned in the docs, but they don't appear to solve my problem http://docs.python.org/2/library/argparse.html#argument-groups)

推荐答案

我相信处理这个问题的最好方法是对返回的命名空间进行后处理.argparse 不支持这一点的原因是它一次解析参数 1.argparse 很容易检查是否已经解析了某些内容(这就是互斥参数起作用的原因)，但要查看某些内容是否将解析并不容易将来解析.

I believe that the best way to handle this is to post-process the returned namespace. The reason that argparse doesn't support this is because it parses arguments 1 at a time. It's easy for argparse to check to see if something was already parsed (which is why mutually-exclusive arguments work), but it isn't easy to see if something will be parsed in the future.

一个简单的:

parser.add_argument('-n','--name',...,default=None)
parser.add_argument('-p','--password',...,default=None)
ns = parser.parse_args()

if len([x for x in (ns.name,ns.password) if x is not None]) == 1:
   parser.error('--name and --password must be given together')

name = ns.name if ns.name is not None else "default_name"
password = ns.password if ns.password is not None else "default_password"

好像就够了.

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