选项的 argparse 选项 [英] argparse option of options

问题描述

我正在尝试在 argparse 中添加选项选项.目前我有:

I am trying to add option of options in argparse. Currently I have:

group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument("--md", help="Create xyz file for each ionic step for"
                    " visualization", action='store_true')
group.add_argument("--force", help="See which atom has maximum force",
                    action='store_true')
group.add_argument("--opt", help="grep string from file",
                    nargs=2, metavar=("str", "file"))
parser.add_argument("--xsf", help="Create xsf file for md(default is xyz)"
                    " visualization", action='store_true')
parser.add_argument("-N", help="Showing first N line",
                    metavar='integer', type=int)
parser.add_argument("-n", help="Showing last n line",
                    metavar='integer', type=int)
args = parser.parse_args()

给出:

./foo.py --h
usage: foo.py [-h]
               [--md | --force | --opt str file]
               [--xsf] [-N integer] [-n integer]

但我希望 --xsf 作为 --md、-N、-n 的子选项 --opt;例如

But I want --xsf as a suboption for --md, -N,-n for --opt; e.g.

./foo.py --h
    usage: foo.py [-h]
                   [--md [--xsf]| --force | --opt str file [-N integer] [-n integer]]

但我不知道如何实现.可能是我遗漏了一些东西，但在 argparse doc 中没有这样的选项

But I dont know how to achieve that. May be I am missing something, but there is no option like that in argparse doc

还有其他方法可以得到吗?

Is there any other way of getting that?

推荐答案

mutually_exclusive_group 机制非常简单，不适用于任何类型的嵌套或子分组.

The mutually_exclusive_group mechanism is quite simple, and does not work with any kind of nesting, or subgrouping.

有一个 Python 错误/问题需要更全面的分组机制，但提议的补丁相当复杂.问题不仅在于测试，还在于以用户友好的方式定义组，以及生成 usage 行.很高兴您包含了所需的用法，但该格式远远超出了当前帮助格式化程序的功能.

There is a Python bug/issue requesting a more comprehensive grouping mechanism, but the proposed patch is rather complicated. The problem isn't just with testing, it's with defining the groups in a user friendly way, and with generating the usage line. It's nice that you included a desired usage, but that format is well beyond the capabilities of the current help formatter.

您可能会考虑将您的问题重新定义为子解析器问题.子解析器是互斥的(您只能给出一个命令名称)，您可以指定 --xsf 作为 md 和 -N 的参数> 作为 --opt 的参数.但是子解析器有其自身的帮助问题.

You might look into recasting your problem as a subparser one. subparsers are mutually exclusive (you can only give one command name), and you could specify --xsf as an argument for md, and -N as argument for --opt. But subparsers has its own help issues.

另一种方法是编写自己的用法，并在解析后对参数进行自己的测试.With a suitable choice of defaults you can usually tell whether an argument has been provided or not (the user can't specify None) or you can ignore unnecessary ones.

Another route is to write your own usage, and do your own testing of arguments after parsing. With a suitable choice of defaults you can usually tell whether an argument has been provided or not (the user can't specify None) or you can ignore unnecessary ones.

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