在 Python 中，我可以调用导入模块的 main() 吗? [英] In Python, can I call the main() of an imported module?

问题描述

在 Python 中，我有一个 module myModule.py，我在其中定义了一些函数和一个 ma​​in()，它需要一些命令行参数.

In Python I have a module myModule.py where I define a few functions and a main(), which takes a few command line arguments.

我通常从 bash 脚本中调用 main().现在，我想把所有东西都放在一个小的包中，所以我想也许我可以把我的简单的bash脚本变成一个Python脚本并把它放在包里.

I usually call this main() from a bash script. Now, I would like to put everything into a small package, so I thought that maybe I could turn my simple bash script into a Python script and put it in the package.

那么，我实际上如何从 MyFormerBashScript.py 的 main() 函数调用 myModule.py 的 main() 函数?我什至可以这样做吗?我如何将任何参数传递给它?

So, how do I actually call the main() function of myModule.py from the main() function of MyFormerBashScript.py? Can I even do that? How do I pass any arguments to it?

推荐答案

这只是一个函数.导入并调用它:

It's just a function. Import it and call it:

import myModule

myModule.main()

如果你需要解析参数，你有两个选择:

If you need to parse arguments, you have two options:

• 在 main() 中解析它们，但将 sys.argv 作为参数传入(以下所有代码在同一模块 myModule):

• Parse them in main(), but pass in sys.argv as a parameter (all code below in the same module myModule):

def main(args):
    # parse arguments using optparse or argparse or what have you

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    main(sys.argv[1:])

现在您可以从其他模块导入和调用 myModule.main(['arg1', 'arg2', 'arg3']).

Now you can import and call myModule.main(['arg1', 'arg2', 'arg3']) from other another module.

让 main() 接受已经解析的参数(同样是 myModule 模块中的所有代码):

Have main() accept parameters that are already parsed (again all code in the myModule module):

def main(foo, bar, baz='spam'):
    # run with already parsed arguments

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    # parse sys.argv[1:] using optparse or argparse or what have you
    main(foovalue, barvalue, **dictofoptions)

并在其他地方导入和调用 myModule.main(foovalue, barvalue, baz='ham') 并根据需要传入 Python 参数.

and import and call myModule.main(foovalue, barvalue, baz='ham') elsewhere and passing in python arguments as needed.

这里的技巧是检测您的模块何时被用作脚本；当您将 python 文件作为主脚本 (python filename.py) 运行时，没有使用 import 语句，因此 python 调用该模块 "__main__".但是如果相同的 filename.py 代码被视为一个模块(import filename)，那么 python 将使用它作为模块名称.在这两种情况下，变量 __name__ 都已设置，针对该变量的测试会告诉您代码是如何运行的.

The trick here is to detect when your module is being used as a script; when you run a python file as the main script (python filename.py) no import statement is being used, so python calls that module "__main__". But if that same filename.py code is treated as a module (import filename), then python uses that as the module name instead. In both cases the variable __name__ is set, and testing against that tells you how your code was run.

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