在javascript中，如何在数组中搜索子字符串匹配 [英] In javascript, how do you search an array for a substring match

问题描述

我需要在 javascript 中搜索一个数组.搜索将仅匹配字符串的一部分，因为该字符串将分配有附加编号.然后我需要用完整的字符串返回成功匹配的数组元素.

I need to search an array in javascript. The search would be for only part of the string to match as the string would have addtional numbers assigned to it. I would then need to return the successfully matched array element with the full string.

即

var windowArray = new Array ("item","thing","id-3-text","class");

我需要搜索包含 "id-" 的数组元素，我还需要提取元素中的其余文本(即 "id-3-text").

I need to search for the array element with "id-" in it and i need to pull the rest of the text in the element as well (ie. "id-3-text").

谢谢

推荐答案

在你的具体情况下，你可以用一个无聊的旧计数器来做:

In your specific case, you can do it just with a boring old counter:

var index, value, result;
for (index = 0; index < windowArray.length; ++index) {
    value = windowArray[index];
    if (value.substring(0, 3) === "id-") {
        // You've found it, the full text is in `value`.
        // So you might grab it and break the loop, although
        // really what you do having found it depends on
        // what you need.
        result = value;
        break;
    }
}

// Use `result` here, it will be `undefined` if not found

但如果你的数组是sparse，你可以做到使用适当设计的 for..in 循环更有效:

But if your array is sparse, you can do it more efficiently with a properly-designed for..in loop:

var key, value, result;
for (key in windowArray) {
    if (windowArray.hasOwnProperty(key) && !isNaN(parseInt(key, 10))) {
        value = windowArray[key];
        if (value.substring(0, 3) === "id-") {
            // You've found it, the full text is in `value`.
            // So you might grab it and break the loop, although
            // really what you do having found it depends on
            // what you need.
            result = value;
            break;
        }
    }
}

// Use `result` here, it will be `undefined` if not found

注意没有 hasOwnProperty 和 !isNaN(parseInt(key, 10)) 检查的幼稚 for..in 循环;原因.

Beware naive for..in loops that don't have the hasOwnProperty and !isNaN(parseInt(key, 10)) checks; here's why.

离题:

另一种写法

var windowArray = new Array ("item","thing","id-3-text","class");

是

var windowArray = ["item","thing","id-3-text","class"];

...这对你来说打字更少，也许(这一点是主观的)更容易阅读.这两个语句的结果完全相同:一个包含这些内容的新数组.

...which is less typing for you, and perhaps (this bit is subjective) a bit more easily read. The two statements have exactly the same result: A new array with those contents.

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