GCC是如何实现变长数组的? [英] How does GCC implement variable-length arrays?

问题描述

GCC 如何实现可变长度数组 (VLA)?这样的数组本质上是指向动态分配的存储(例如 alloca 返回)的指针吗?

How does GCC implement Variable-length arrays (VLAs)? Are such arrays essentially pointers to the dynamically allocated storage such as returned by alloca?

我能想到的另一种选择是，将这样的数组分配为函数中的最后一个变量，以便在编译时知道变量的偏移量.然而，第二个 VLA 的偏移量将在编译时再次未知.

The other alternative I could think of, is that such an array is allocated as last variable in a function, so that the offset of the variables are known during compile-time. However, the offset of a second VLA would then again not be known during compile-time.

推荐答案

以下示例行的分配代码(x86 - x64 代码类似)来自 一些用于 VLA 支持的 GCC 文档:

Here's the allocation code (x86 - the x64 code is similar) for the following example line taken from some GCC docs for VLA support:

char str[strlen (s1) + strlen (s2) + 1];

strlen (s1) + strlen (s2) + 1 的计算在 eax 中(GCC MinGW 4.8.1 - 无优化):

where the calculation for strlen (s1) + strlen (s2) + 1 is in eax (GCC MinGW 4.8.1 - no optimizations):

mov edx, eax
sub edx, 1
mov DWORD PTR [ebp-12], edx
mov edx, 16
sub edx, 1
add eax, edx
mov ecx, 16
mov edx, 0
div ecx
imul    eax, eax, 16
call    ___chkstk_ms
sub esp, eax
lea eax, [esp+8]
add eax, 0
mov DWORD PTR [ebp-16], eax

所以它看起来本质上是alloca().

So it looks to be essentially alloca().

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