如何使用 Android Studio 运行单元测试 [英] How to run unit tests with Android Studio

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本文介绍了如何使用 Android Studio 运行单元测试的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我正在为 gradle 使用 Jake 的 Android 单元测试插件:https://github.com/JakeWharton/gradle-android-test-plugin

I'm using Jake's Android unit tests plugin for gradle: https://github.com/JakeWharton/gradle-android-test-plugin

我的 build.gradle 看起来像这样:

My build.gradle looks like this:

dependencies {
// analytics
compile('com.crittercism:crittercism-android:3.0.11')

// retrofit
compile('com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.2.2')
compile('com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:1.2.1')

// dagger
compile('com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.1.0')
compile('com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.1.0')

// compatibility
compile('android.compatibility:android-support:v4-r13')
compile('com.actionbarsherlock:actionbarsherlock:4.4.0@aar')

// Picasso
compile('com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.1.1')

// Otto
compile('com.squareup:otto:1.3.4')

// Tests
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.10'
testCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.2'
testCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:1.5.1'
testCompile 'org.easytesting:fest-assert-core:2.0M10'
}

不幸的是，我无法从 Android Studio 运行所有或特定的单元测试.我收到错误:

Unfortunately I'm not able to run all or specific unit test form Android Studio. I'm getting error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: junit/textui/ResultPrinter
 at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
 at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:171)
 at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:113)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: junit.textui.ResultPrinter
 at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
 at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
 at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
 at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
 at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
 ... 3 more

这是正确的，因为运行命令行不包含我的 JUnit 依赖项:

And this is correct because running command line doesn't include my JUnit dependency:

/System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -ea -Didea.launcher.port=7533 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=/Applications/Android Studio.app/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "/Applications/Android Studio.app/lib/idea_rt.jar:/Applications/Android Studio.app/plugins/junit/lib/junit-rt.jar:/Users/eugen/Development/SDK/android-sdk-macosx/platforms/android-18/android.jar:/Users/eugen/Development/SDK/android-sdk-macosx/platforms/android-18/data/res:/Users/eugen/Development/SDK/android-sdk-macosx/tools/support/annotations.jar:/Users/eugen/Development/Projects/eBuddy/xms/android/xms3-android/build/classes/alpha/debug:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup.retrofit/retrofit/1.2.2/jar/cdf7b60568092fbcc7a254371c345e92f733c03c/retrofit-1.2.2.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.google.code.gson/gson/2.2.4/jar/a60a5e993c98c864010053cb901b7eab25306568/gson-2.2.4.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup.okhttp/okhttp/1.2.1/jar/c3562574496bb4d452d6fc45b817577e98d08afe/okhttp-1.2.1.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup/javawriter/2.1.1/jar/67ff45d9ae02e583d0f9b3432a5ebbe05c30c966/javawriter-2.1.1.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup.dagger/dagger/1.1.0/jar/49f2061c938987c8e56679a731d74fd8448d8742/dagger-1.1.0.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup.picasso/picasso/2.1.1/jar/ab19bfb23f641f189b6dca9a4d393f8dc291103a/picasso-2.1.1.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup/otto/1.3.4/jar/4d72fb811c7b3c0e7f412112020d4430f044e510/otto-1.3.4.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup.dagger/dagger-compiler/1.1.0/jar/ddb38c2be31deeb7a001177f7c358665e350d646/dagger-compiler-1.1.0.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/javax.inject/javax.inject/1/jar/6975da39a7040257bd51d21a231b76c915872d38/javax.inject-1.jar:/Users/eugen/Development/Projects/eBuddy/xms/android/xms3-android/build/exploded-bundles/ComActionbarsherlockActionbarsherlock440.aar/res:/Users/eugen/Development/Projects/eBuddy/xms/android/xms3-android/build/exploded-bundles/ComActionbarsherlockActionbarsherlock440.aar/classes.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.squareup.okhttp/okhttp-protocols/1.2.1/jar/ec2beaefef3bd4f680c17fad8e72e66f2a006f1/okhttp-protocols-1.2.1.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/com.crittercism/crittercism-android/3.0.11/jar/e30c21ae491d780622ecaee2752969be98140c3/crittercism-android-3.0.11.jar:/Users/eugen/.gradle/caches/artifacts-26/filestore/android.compatibility/android-support/v4-r13/jar/bd6479f5dd592790607e0504e66e0f31c2b4d308/android-support-v4-r13.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 @/private/var/folders/wq/knhztnf105v2_p1t580tj8h80000gp/T/idea_junit701450667388095664.tmp @w@/private/var/folders/wq/knhztnf105v2_p1t580tj8h80000gp/T/idea_working_dirs_junit4927192380605663413.tmp -socket63849

我想知道是否有人能够在 Android Studio 中运行单元测试?如果可能的话，如何制作呢?

I wonder if anyone was able to run unit tests in Android Studio? And if it is possible how make it?

推荐答案

更新 AS 1.1+，android gradle 插件 1.1+

终于可以不用太多技巧了.这是一个项目示例，展示了如何在 Android Studio v1.1+ 和 android gradle plugin v1.1+ 中设置 Robolectric 测试:https://github.com/nenick/AndroidStudioAndRobolectric

Finally it is possible without many tricks. Here is example of project that shows how to setup Robolectric test in Android Studio v1.1+ and android gradle plugin v1.1+: https://github.com/nenick/AndroidStudioAndRobolectric

您还可以找到可能的问题和解决方法.是的，Robolectric 很复杂，Google 没有正式支持，所以它仍然存在一些问题.但在大多数情况下，它有效并为您的项目带来巨大价值.

You can find also there possible issue and workarounds. Yes, Robolectric is complex and not officially supported by Google so it still has some issues. But most of the time it works and brings huge value to your project.

我也鼓励您开始使用 Robolectric v3+.它几乎已经发布并且足够稳定.

I would also encourage you to start using Robolectric v3+. It is almost released and stable enough.

AS 0.x 和 1.0x 以及低于 1.1 的 android gradle 插件版本的旧答案

我在朋友的帮助下成功了.

I managed to make it with help of friends.

所以基本上您需要进行下一步更改才能在 Android Studio 中运行 Robolectric 单元测试:

So basically you need to make next changes to run Robolectric unit tests in Android Studio:

  1. 复制您的类路径以进行测试(您可以在运行"日志的第一行找到它)
  2. 为您的单元测试打开运行配置
  3. 将工作目录更改为存在 AndroidManifest.xml 的文件夹
  4. 添加虚拟机选项 -classpath "/build/test-classes:/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/junit/junit/4.11/4e031bb61df09069aeb20104bff4aeb29064aeb20104bfffjar:<你的旧类路径>"

就我而言，新类路径的开头如下所示:

As for me the start of new classpath looks like this:

/Users/emartynov/Development/Projects/work/android.project/build/test-classes:/Users/emartynov/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/junit/junit/4.11/4e031bb61df09069aeb2bffb4019e7a5034a4ee0/junit-4.11.jar

问题:

  1. 您只能为调试变体运行测试
  2. 每个新的测试运行配置都需要进行此类手动更改.但这只是两个编辑字段的复制/粘贴

我有 Android Studio 0.6 版本.这是我的 build.gradle 文件的一部分:

I have Android Studio 0.6 version. Here is again part of my build.gradle file:

buildscript {
  repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    maven { url 'https://github.com/rockerhieu/mvn-repo/raw/master/' }
  }

  dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.11.+'
    classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.3'
  //  classpath 'org.robolectric.gradle:gradle-android-test-plugin:0.10.1'
    classpath 'org.robolectric.gradle:gradle-android-test-plugin:0.10.1-SNAPSHOT'
    classpath 'com.jakewharton.sdkmanager:gradle-plugin:0.10.+'
  }
}

apply plugin: 'android-sdk-manager'
apply plugin: 'android'
apply plugin: 'android-apt'
apply plugin: 'android-test'

repositories {
  mavenCentral()
}

android {
  compileSdkVersion 19
  buildToolsVersion "19.1.0"

  packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/ASL2.0'
    exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
  }

  defaultConfig {
    minSdkVersion 14
    targetSdkVersion 19
    versionCode 1
    versionName "0.9.0"
  }

  compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
  }

  sourceSets {
    androidTest.setRoot( 'src/test' )
  }
}

dependencies {
  // butter knife
  compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:5.0.0'
  // dagger
  compile 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.2.1'

  // apt
  apt 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.+'

  // AS tests
  androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.+'
  androidTestCompile( 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3' ) {
    exclude group: 'commons-logging'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents'
  }
  androidTestCompile 'com.squareup:fest-android:1.+'
  androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-all:1.9.+'
  androidTestCompile 'org.easytesting:fest-assert-core:2.0M10'
  androidTestCompile( 'org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:1.2.+' ) {
    exclude group: 'org.json'
  }

  // tests
  testCompile 'junit:junit:4.+'
  testCompile( 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3' ) {
    exclude group: 'commons-logging'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents'
  }
  testCompile 'com.squareup:fest-android:1.+'
  testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-all:1.9.+'
  testCompile 'org.easytesting:fest-assert-core:2.0M10'
  testCompile 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.+'
  testCompile( 'org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:1.2.+' ) {
    exclude group: 'org.json'
  }
}

这篇关于如何使用 Android Studio 运行单元测试的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

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