具有空间数据的 3D 交互式曲面图 [英] 3D interactive surface plot with spatial data

问题描述

我想创建一个湖泊深度的交互式 3D 表面图，最好使用 plotly 或 rgl 库.我从 Gauss-Krueger/EPSG:31468 CRS 等高线的 SpatialLinesDataFrame 中提取了我的数据，即公制单位.现在每条等高线都会产生一组具有相同深度值的坐标.生成的数据框相当大，但看起来像这样:

I would like to create an interactive 3D surface plot of depths in a lake, ideally using the plotly or rgl libraries. I have extracted my data from a SpatialLinesDataFrame of contour lines in Gauss-Krueger/EPSG:31468 CRS, i.e. metric units. Now each contour line produces a set of coordinates with the same depth value. The resulting data frame is rather large, but looks something like this:

set.seed(41)
xx <- rnorm(100,4448929,100)
yy <- rnorm(100,5308097,100)
zz <- c(rep(-10,10),rep(-20,10),rep(-30,10),rep(-40,10),rep(-50,10),rep(-60,10),rep(-70,10),rep(-80,10),rep(-90,10),rep(-100,10))
df <- data.frame(xx,yy,zz)

我尝试使用 plotly 绘制数据，如 this 示例和 rgl 如this 帖子.在这两种情况下，我都会收到与我的数据不是矩阵格式相关的错误消息，即 x 和 y 值表示为行号和列号.

I have tried plotting the data with plotly as in this example and with rgl as in this post. In both cases I get error messages relating to my data not being in a matrix format, i.e. where x- and y-values are represented as row- and column-numbers.

有效的是在 plotly 中使用 add_trace 命令:

What does work, is using the add_trace command in plotly:

plot_ly() %>% add_trace(df,x = ~df$xx, y = ~df$yy, z = ~df$zz,type="mesh3d")

然而，生成的图形不仅缺少 add_surface 命令的花哨颜色图例，而且更重要的是，相对于 z 值扭曲了 x 和 y 值.z 值显示的太大了，尽管它们都具有相同的度量单位.

However, the resulting graph not only lacks the fancy colour legend of the add_surface command, but more importantly, warps the x- and y-values in relation to the z-values. The z-values are shown much too large, although all have the same metric unit.

我也尝试将数据框重塑为矩阵，如 this 帖子，但它要么根本不起作用，要么给了我一个几乎完全由 NA 组成的矩阵.我只能推测，与该范围内所有坐标的 x-y 组合相比，附加了深度值的坐标数量非常少?

I have also tried reshaping the data frame to a matrix as in this post, but it either doesn't work at all, or gives me a matrix consisting almost entirely of NAs. I can only speculate that the number of coordinates that have depth values attached is very small in comparison to all x-y-combinations of coordinates in that range?

任何建议将不胜感激 - 谢谢！

Any suggestions will be much appreciated - thanks!

推荐答案

那些是随机定位的点，所以 rgl::persp3d 不能直接处理它们.但是，您可以按照 ?rgl::persp3d.deldir 中的示例对它们进行三角测量，然后进行绘图.例如，

Those are randomly located points, so rgl::persp3d can't handle them directly. However, you can follow the example in ?rgl::persp3d.deldir to triangulate them and then plot. For example,

dxyz <- deldir::deldir(df$xx, df$yy, z = df$zz, suppressMsgs=TRUE)
persp3d(dxyz, col = "lightblue")

这会导致一张非常难看的图片，但通过一些工作(例如修复轴标签，使用真实数据)，您应该会得到一些合理的东西.

This results in a pretty ugly picture, but with some work (e.g. fixing the axis labels, using real data) you should get something reasonable.

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