Java ->C# 创建抽象类的匿名实例 [英] Java -> C# Creating Anonymous Instance of Abstract Class

问题描述

出于培训目的，我正在遵循为 Java 编写的教程，到目前为止我已成功将其翻译"成 C#，但是，我现在面临一个问题，我真的不知道如何解决它.我能找到的最接近(?)我的问题的可能答案是 这个问题. 虽然我现在在理解委托和 Lamba 表达式方面有问题.无论如何，这里是Java中的相关代码:

for training purposes I am following along a Tutorial written for Java, which I successfully 'translated' into C# so far, however, I am facing now a problem for which I don't really have a clue how to solve it. The closest(?) possible answer to my problem I could find was this question. Though I have problems understanding delegates and lamba expressions for now. Anyways, here the relevant Code in Java:

public abstract class LevelUpOption {
  private String name;
  public String name() { return name; }

  public LevelUpOption(String name){
    this.name = name;
  }

  public abstract void invoke(Creature creature);
}

还有另一个类:

public class LevelUpController {

    private static LevelUpOption[] options = new LevelUpOption[]{
        new LevelUpOption("Increased hit points"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainMaxHp(); }
        },
        new LevelUpOption("Increased attack value"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainAttackValue(); }
        },
        new LevelUpOption("Increased defense value"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainDefenseValue(); }
        },
        new LevelUpOption("Increased vision"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainVision(); }
        }
    };

    public void autoLevelUp(Creature creature){
        options[(int)(Math.random() * options.length)].invoke(creature);
    }

    public List<String> getLevelUpOptions(){
        List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (LevelUpOption option : options){
            names.add(option.name());
        }
        return names;
    }

    public LevelUpOption getLevelUpOption(String name){
        for (LevelUpOption option : options){
            if (option.name().equals(name))
                return option;
        }
        return null;
    }
}

我遇到的问题是这部分:

The problem I have is with this part:

private static LevelUpOption[] options = new LevelUpOption[]{
        new LevelUpOption("Increased hit points"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainMaxHp(); }
        },
        new LevelUpOption("Increased attack value"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainAttackValue(); }
        },
        new LevelUpOption("Increased defense value"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainDefenseValue(); }
        },
        new LevelUpOption("Increased vision"){
            public void invoke(Creature creature) { creature.gainVision(); }
        }
    };

虽然很容易理解它在做什么，但我不知道如何在 C# 中编写相对相似的内容.我可以用非常简单的方式来解决它，比如 if 或 switch case，但我想保持它平滑到原始状态.

While easy to understand in terms what it is doing I have no clue how to write that relatively similiar in C#. I could work around it in very simplistic ways like with if or switch cases but I would like to keep it smooth to the original.

推荐答案

C# 中没有匿名类，但是您有两种方法可以达到相同的结果:

There are no anonymous classes in C#, but you have two ways of achieving the same result:

• 创建私有的、嵌套的、命名的类，并在数组初始值设定项中引用它们，或
• 让构造函数为您计划覆盖的每个抽象方法接受一个委托.

第一种方法不言自明，但代码会更长一些.命名的类应该没问题，因为它们对于公开可见的类的实现来说是私有的.

The first approach is self-explanatory, but the code would be quite a bit longer. The named classes should be OK, because they are private to the implementation of your publicly visible class.

第二种方法可能如下所示:

The second approach could look as follows:

public class LevelUpOption {
  private String name;
  public String name() { return name; }

  public LevelUpOption(String name, Action<Creature> invoke){
    this.name = name;
    this.invoke = invoke;
  }

  public readonly Action<Creature> invoke;
}

现在你可以像这样初始化你的数组:

Now you can initialize your array like this:

private static LevelUpOption[] options = new [] {
    new LevelUpOption("Increased hit points", c => c.gainMaxHp() ),
    new LevelUpOption("Increased attack value", c => c.gainAttackValue()),
    ...
};

由于invoke是一个委托，调用它的语法是一样的:

Since invoke is a delegate, the syntax of calling it is the same:

options[i].invoke(myCreature);

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