无法使用通配符泛型类型向 Java 集合添加值 [英] Can't add value to the Java collection with wildcard generic type

问题描述

为什么这段代码不能编译(Parent 是一个接口)?

Why this code does not compile (Parent is an interface)?

List<? extends Parent> list = ...
Parent p = factory.get();   // returns concrete implementation
list.set(0, p);   // fails here: set(int, ? extends Parent) cannot be applied to (int, Parent)

推荐答案

这样做是为了安全.想象一下它是否有效:

It's doing that for the sake of safety. Imagine if it worked:

List<Child> childList = new ArrayList<Child>();
childList.add(new Child());

List<? extends Parent> parentList = childList;
parentList.set(0, new Parent());

Child child = childList.get(0); // No! It's not a child! Type safety is broken...

List 是这是扩展 Parent 的某种类型的列表.我们不知道哪种类型 - 它可能是一个 List、List 或 List."这使得从 List API 中获取出的任何项目并从 T 转换为 Parent 是安全的，但是将 in 调用到从 Parent 转换为 T 的 List API 是不安全的.. 因为该转换可能无效.

The meaning of List<? extends Parent> is "The is a list of some type which extends Parent. We don't know which type - it could be a List<Parent>, a List<Child>, or a List<GrandChild>." That makes it safe to fetch any items out of the List<T> API and convert from T to Parent, but it's not safe to call in to the List<T> API converting from Parent to T... because that conversion may be invalid.

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