约束布局中的 Barrier 和 Guideline 有什么区别? [英] What is difference between Barrier and Guideline in Constraint Layout?

问题描述

最近尝试实现 Constraint Layout 但我发现 Barrier 和 Guideline 的工作原理相同. 两者都像分隔符.它们之间有什么区别吗?

Recently trying to implement Constraint Layout but I found Barrier and Guideline works same. Both works like divider. Is there any difference between them?

推荐答案

何时使用屏障

假设您有两个具有动态高度的 TextView 小部件，并且您想在最高的 TextView 下方放置一个 Button:

When to use barriers

Assume you have two TextView widgets with dynamic heights and you want to place a Button just below the tallest TextView:

唯一直接在布局中实现的方法是使用水平Barrier.Barrier 允许您根据这两个 TextView 的高度指定约束.然后将 Button 的顶部限制到水平 Barrier 的底部.

The ONLY way to implement that directly in the layout is to use a horizontal Barrier. That Barrier allows you to specify a constraint based on the height of those two TextViews. Then you constrain the top of your Button to the bottom of the horizontal Barrier.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/left_text_view"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:text="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:background="#AAA"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_text_view"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/right_text_view"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:text="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:background="#DDD"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/left_text_view"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
        android:id="@+id/barrier"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:barrierDirection="bottom"
        app:constraint_referenced_ids="left_text_view,right_text_view" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:text="Button"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/barrier" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

---

何时使用指南

假设您想将上述 TextView 高度限制为屏幕高度的 30%，无论它们有什么内容.

---

When to use guidelines

Assume you want to restrict the above-mentioned TextView heights to 30% of screen height, no matter the content they have.

要实现这一点，您应该添加带有百分比位置的水平Guideline，并将TextView 底部限制到该Guideline.

To implement that you should add horizontal Guideline with percentage position and constrain the TextView bottom to that Guideline.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/left_text_view"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:background="#AAA"
        android:text="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/right_text_view"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/right_text_view"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:background="#DDD"
        android:text="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/left_text_view"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:text="Button"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.3" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

---

结论

Barrier 和 Guideline 的唯一区别是 Barrier 的位置是灵活的，并且总是基于包含的多个 UI 元素的大小在其中，Guideline 的位置总是固定的.

---

Conclusion

The only difference between Barrier and Guideline is that Barrier's position is flexible and always based on the size of multiple UI elements contained within it and Guideline's position is always fixed.

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