ASP.NET MVC - 设置自定义 IIdentity 或 IPrincipal [英] ASP.NET MVC - Set custom IIdentity or IPrincipal

问题描述

我需要做一些相当简单的事情:在我的 ASP.NET MVC 应用程序中，我想设置一个自定义的 IIdentity/IPrincipal.哪个更容易/更合适.我想扩展默认值，以便我可以调用诸如 User.Identity.Id 和 User.Identity.Role 之类的东西.没什么特别的，只是一些额外的属性.

I need to do something fairly simple: in my ASP.NET MVC application, I want to set a custom IIdentity / IPrincipal. Whichever is easier / more suitable. I want to extend the default so that I can call something like User.Identity.Id and User.Identity.Role. Nothing fancy, just some extra properties.

我阅读了大量文章和问题，但我觉得我让它变得比实际更难.我以为这会很容易.如果用户登录，我想设置一个自定义的 IIdentity.所以我想，我将在我的 global.asax 中实现 Application_PostAuthenticateRequest.但是，这是在每个请求上调用的，我不想在每个请求上都调用数据库，这将请求数据库中的所有数据并放入自定义 IPrincipal 对象.这似乎也是非常不必要的、缓慢的并且在错误的地方(在那里进行数据库调用)，但我可能是错的.或者这些数据来自哪里?

I've read tons of articles and questions but I feel like I'm making it harder than it actually is. I thought it would be easy. If a user logs on, I want to set a custom IIdentity. So I thought, I will implement Application_PostAuthenticateRequest in my global.asax. However, that is called on every request, and I don't want to do a call to the database on every request which would request all the data from the database and put in a custom IPrincipal object. That also seems very unnecessary, slow, and in the wrong place (doing database calls there) but I could be wrong. Or where else would that data come from?

所以我想，每当用户登录时，我都可以在我的会话中添加一些必要的变量，我将这些变量添加到 Application_PostAuthenticateRequest 事件处理程序中的自定义 IIdentity.但是，我的 Context.Session 在那里是 null，所以这也不是要走的路.

So I thought, whenever a user logs in, I can add some necessary variables in my session, which I add to the custom IIdentity in the Application_PostAuthenticateRequest event handler. However, my Context.Session is null there, so that is also not the way to go.

我已经为此工作了一天，但我觉得我错过了一些东西.这应该不难做到吧?我也对随之而来的所有(半)相关内容感到有些困惑.MembershipProvider、MembershipUser、RoleProvider、ProfileProvider、IPrincipal、IIdentity, FormsAuthentication.... 只有我一个人觉得这一切很混乱吗?

I've been working on this for a day now and I feel I'm missing something. This shouldn't be too hard to do, right? I'm also a bit confused by all the (semi)related stuff that comes with this. MembershipProvider, MembershipUser, RoleProvider, ProfileProvider, IPrincipal, IIdentity, FormsAuthentication.... Am I the only one who finds all this very confusing?

如果有人能告诉我一个简单、优雅和有效的解决方案，在 IIdentity 上存储一些额外的数据，而无需所有额外的模糊......那就太好了！我知道在 SO 上也有类似的问题，但如果我需要的答案就在那里，我一定是忽略了.

If someone could tell me a simple, elegant, and efficient solution to store some extra data on a IIdentity without all the extra fuzz.. that would be great! I know there are similar questions on SO but if the answer I need is in there, I must've overlooked.

推荐答案

这是我的做法.

我决定使用 IPrincipal 而不是 IIdentity，因为这意味着我不必同时实现 IIdentity 和 IPrincipal.

I decided to use IPrincipal instead of IIdentity because it means I don't have to implement both IIdentity and IPrincipal.

1. 创建界面

1. Create the interface

interface ICustomPrincipal : IPrincipal
{
    int Id { get; set; }
    string FirstName { get; set; }
    string LastName { get; set; }
}

自定义主体

CustomPrincipal

public class CustomPrincipal : ICustomPrincipal
{
    public IIdentity Identity { get; private set; }
    public bool IsInRole(string role) { return false; }

    public CustomPrincipal(string email)
    {
        this.Identity = new GenericIdentity(email);
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

CustomPrincipalSerializeModel - 用于将自定义信息序列化到 FormsAuthenticationTicket 对象中的用户数据字段中.

CustomPrincipalSerializeModel - for serializing custom information into userdata field in FormsAuthenticationTicket object.

public class CustomPrincipalSerializeModel
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

登录方法 - 使用自定义信息设置 cookie

LogIn method - setting up a cookie with custom information

if (Membership.ValidateUser(viewModel.Email, viewModel.Password))
{
    var user = userRepository.Users.Where(u => u.Email == viewModel.Email).First();

    CustomPrincipalSerializeModel serializeModel = new CustomPrincipalSerializeModel();
    serializeModel.Id = user.Id;
    serializeModel.FirstName = user.FirstName;
    serializeModel.LastName = user.LastName;

    JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

    string userData = serializer.Serialize(serializeModel);

    FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(
             1,
             viewModel.Email,
             DateTime.Now,
             DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(15),
             false,
             userData);

    string encTicket = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(authTicket);
    HttpCookie faCookie = new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, encTicket);
    Response.Cookies.Add(faCookie);

    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

Global.asax.cs - 读取 cookie 并替换 HttpContext.User 对象，这是通过覆盖 PostAuthenticateRequest 来完成的

Global.asax.cs - Reading cookie and replacing HttpContext.User object, this is done by overriding PostAuthenticateRequest

protected void Application_PostAuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    HttpCookie authCookie = Request.Cookies[FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName];

    if (authCookie != null)
    {
        FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(authCookie.Value);

        JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

        CustomPrincipalSerializeModel serializeModel = serializer.Deserialize<CustomPrincipalSerializeModel>(authTicket.UserData);

        CustomPrincipal newUser = new CustomPrincipal(authTicket.Name);
        newUser.Id = serializeModel.Id;
        newUser.FirstName = serializeModel.FirstName;
        newUser.LastName = serializeModel.LastName;

        HttpContext.Current.User = newUser;
    }
}

在 Razor 视图中访问

Access in Razor views

@((User as CustomPrincipal).Id)
@((User as CustomPrincipal).FirstName)
@((User as CustomPrincipal).LastName)

并在代码中:

    (User as CustomPrincipal).Id
    (User as CustomPrincipal).FirstName
    (User as CustomPrincipal).LastName

我认为代码是不言自明的.如果不是，请告诉我.

I think the code is self-explanatory. If it isn't, let me know.

此外，为了使访问更加容易，您可以创建一个基本控制器并覆盖返回的用户对象 (HttpContext.User):

Additionally to make the access even easier you can create a base controller and override the returned User object (HttpContext.User):

public class BaseController : Controller
{
    protected virtual new CustomPrincipal User
    {
        get { return HttpContext.User as CustomPrincipal; }
    }
}

然后，对于每个控制器:

and then, for each controller:

public class AccountController : BaseController
{
    // ...
}

这将允许您在代码中访问自定义字段，如下所示:

which will allow you to access custom fields in code like this:

User.Id
User.FirstName
User.LastName

但这在视图中不起作用.为此，您需要创建一个自定义的 WebViewPage 实现:

But this will not work inside views. For that you would need to create a custom WebViewPage implementation:

public abstract class BaseViewPage : WebViewPage
{
    public virtual new CustomPrincipal User
    {
        get { return base.User as CustomPrincipal; }
    }
}

public abstract class BaseViewPage<TModel> : WebViewPage<TModel>
{
    public virtual new CustomPrincipal User
    {
        get { return base.User as CustomPrincipal; }
    }
}

使其成为 Views/web.config 中的默认页面类型:

Make it a default page type in Views/web.config:

<pages pageBaseType="Your.Namespace.BaseViewPage">
  <namespaces>
    <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
    <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
    <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
    <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
  </namespaces>
</pages>

在视图中，您可以像这样访问它:

and in views, you can access it like this:

@User.FirstName
@User.LastName

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