如何使用 pyodbc 加速批量插入 MS SQL Server [英] How to speed up bulk insert to MS SQL Server using pyodbc

问题描述

以下是我需要帮助的代码.我必须运行超过 1,300,000 行，这意味着插入 ~300,000 行需要 40 分钟.

Below is my code that I'd like some help with. I am having to run it over 1,300,000 rows meaning it takes up to 40 minutes to insert ~300,000 rows.

我认为批量插入是加速它的途径?还是因为我通过 for data in reader: 部分遍历行?

I figure bulk insert is the route to go to speed it up? Or is it because I'm iterating over the rows via for data in reader: portion?

#Opens the prepped csv file
with open (os.path.join(newpath,outfile), 'r') as f:
    #hooks csv reader to file
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    #pulls out the columns (which match the SQL table)
    columns = next(reader)
    #trims any extra spaces
    columns = [x.strip(' ') for x in columns]
    #starts SQL statement
    query = 'bulk insert into SpikeData123({0}) values ({1})'
    #puts column names in SQL query 'query'
    query = query.format(','.join(columns), ','.join('?' * len(columns)))

    print 'Query is: %s' % query
    #starts curser from cnxn (which works)
    cursor = cnxn.cursor()
    #uploads everything by row
    for data in reader:
        cursor.execute(query, data)
        cursor.commit()

我故意动态选择我的列标题(因为我想创建尽可能多的 Pythonic 代码).

I am dynamically picking my column headers on purpose (as I would like to create the most pythonic code possible).

SpikeData123 是表名.

SpikeData123 is the table name.

推荐答案

更新 - 2021 年 7 月:bcpyaz 是 Microsoft 的 bcp 实用程序的包装器.

Update - July 2021: bcpyaz is a wrapper for Microsoft's bcp utility.

更新 - 2019 年 4 月:如@SimonLang 的评论所述，SQL Server 2017 及更高版本下的 BULK INSERT 显然支持 CSV 文件中的文本限定符(参考:此处).

Update - April 2019: As noted in the comment from @SimonLang, BULK INSERT under SQL Server 2017 and later apparently does support text qualifiers in CSV files (ref: here).

BULK INSERT 几乎肯定会比逐行读取源文件和对每一行执行常规 INSERT 快得多.但是，BULK INSERT 和 BCP 都对 CSV 文件有很大的限制，因为它们无法处理文本限定符(参考:此处).也就是说，如果您的 CSV 文件没有在其中包含限定的文本字符串...

BULK INSERT will almost certainly be much faster than reading the source file row-by-row and doing a regular INSERT for each row. However, both BULK INSERT and BCP have a significant limitation regarding CSV files in that they cannot handle text qualifiers (ref: here). That is, if your CSV file does not have qualified text strings in it ...

1,Gord Thompson,2015-04-15
2,Bob Loblaw,2015-04-07

... 然后你可以批量插入它，但如果它包含文本限定符(因为某些文本值包含逗号)...

... then you can BULK INSERT it, but if it contains text qualifiers (because some text values contains commas) ...

1,"Thompson, Gord",2015-04-15
2,"Loblaw, Bob",2015-04-07

... 然后 BULK INSERT 无法处理它.尽管如此，将这样的 CSV 文件预处理为以管道分隔的文件总体上可能会更快......

... then BULK INSERT cannot handle it. Still, it might be faster overall to pre-process such a CSV file into a pipe-delimited file ...

1|Thompson, Gord|2015-04-15
2|Loblaw, Bob|2015-04-07

... 或制表符分隔的文件(其中 → 代表制表符)...

... or a tab-delimited file (where → represents the tab character) ...

1→Thompson, Gord→2015-04-15
2→Loblaw, Bob→2015-04-07

... 然后批量插入该文件.对于后者(制表符分隔)文件，BULK INSERT 代码如下所示:

... and then BULK INSERT that file. For the latter (tab-delimited) file the BULK INSERT code would look something like this:

import pypyodbc
conn_str = "DSN=myDb_SQLEXPRESS;"
cnxn = pypyodbc.connect(conn_str)
crsr = cnxn.cursor()
sql = """
BULK INSERT myDb.dbo.SpikeData123
FROM 'C:\__tmp\biTest.txt' WITH (
    FIELDTERMINATOR='\t',
    ROWTERMINATOR='\n'
    );
"""
crsr.execute(sql)
cnxn.commit()
crsr.close()
cnxn.close()

注意:如评论中所述，执行BULK INSERT 语句仅适用于SQL Server 实例可以直接读取源文件的情况.对于源文件位于远程客户端的情况，请参阅此答案.

Note: As mentioned in a comment, executing a BULK INSERT statement is only applicable if the SQL Server instance can directly read the source file. For cases where the source file is on a remote client, see this answer.

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