如何在类似于 PHP 的 preg_match_all() 的 JavaScript 中使用正则表达式匹配多次出现? [英] How can I match multiple occurrences with a regex in JavaScript similar to PHP's preg_match_all()?

问题描述

我正在尝试解析由 & 或 & 分隔的键=值对组成的 url 编码字符串.

以下只会匹配第一次出现，将键和值分解为单独的结果元素:

var result = mystring.match(/(?:&|&)?([^=]+)=([^&]+)/)

字符串 '1111342=Adam%20Franco&348572=Bob%20Jones' 的结果是:

['1111342', 'Adam%20Franco']

使用全局标志 'g' 将匹配所有匹配项，但只返回完全匹配的子字符串，而不是分隔的键和值:

var result = mystring.match(/(?:&|&)?([^=]+)=([^&]+)/g)

字符串 '1111342=Adam%20Franco&348572=Bob%20Jones' 的结果是:

['1111342=Adam%20Franco', '&348572=Bob%20Jones']

虽然我可以在 & 上拆分字符串并单独拆分每个键/值对，但有没有办法使用 JavaScript 的正则表达式支持来匹配模式 /(?:&|&)?([^=]+)=([^&]+)/ 类似于PHP的preg_match_all()函数?

我的目标是通过某种方式获得子匹配的结果，例如:

[['1111342', '348572'], ['Adam%20Franco', 'Bob%20Jones']]

或

[['1111342', 'Adam%20Franco'], ['348572', 'Bob%20Jones']]

解决方案

从评论中提升

<块引用>

2020 评论:我们现在有 ，而不是使用正则表达式URLSearchParams，它为我们完成了所有这些，因此不再需要自定义代码，更不用说正则表达式了.

– 迈克 'Pomax' Kamermans

此处列出了浏览器支持https://caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams<小时>

我建议使用替代正则表达式，使用子组分别捕获参数的名称和值，re.exec():

function getUrlParams(url) {var re =/(?:?|&(?:amp;)?)([^=&#]+)(?:=?([^&#]*))/g,匹配，参数 = {}，decode = function (s) {return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(/+/g, " "));};if (typeof url == "undefined") url = document.location.href;while (match = re.exec(url)) {参数[解码(匹配[1])] = 解码(匹配[2]);}返回参数；}var result = getUrlParams("http://maps.google.de/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=de&geocode=&q=Frankfurt+am+Main&sll=50.106047,8.679886&sspn=0.370369,0.833588&ie=UTF8&ll=50.116616,8.680573&spn=0.35972,0.833588&z=11&iwloc=addr");

result 是一个对象:

<前>{f: "q"地理编码:"hl:德"即:UTF8"iwloc:地址"ll:50.116616,8.680573"q:法兰克福"sll:50.106047,8.679886"来源:s_q"spn:0.35972,0.833588"sspn:0.370369,0.833588"z:11"}

正则表达式分解如下:

<前>(?: # 非捕获组?|& # "?"或者 "&"(?:amp;)?#(允许&amp;"，用于错误的 HTML 编码 URL)) # 结束非捕获组( # 第 1 组[^=&#]+ # 除="、&"或#"之外的任何字符；至少一次) # end group 1 - 这将是参数的名称(?: # 非捕获组=?# 一个="，可选( # 第 2 组[^&#]* # 除&"或#"之外的任何字符；任意次数) # end group 2 - 这将是参数的值) # 结束非捕获组

I am trying to parse url-encoded strings that are made up of key=value pairs separated by either & or &.

The following will only match the first occurrence, breaking apart the keys and values into separate result elements:

var result = mystring.match(/(?:&|&)?([^=]+)=([^&]+)/)

The results for the string '1111342=Adam%20Franco&348572=Bob%20Jones' would be:

['1111342', 'Adam%20Franco']

Using the global flag, 'g', will match all occurrences, but only return the fully matched sub-strings, not the separated keys and values:

var result = mystring.match(/(?:&|&)?([^=]+)=([^&]+)/g)

The results for the string '1111342=Adam%20Franco&348572=Bob%20Jones' would be:

['1111342=Adam%20Franco', '&348572=Bob%20Jones']

While I could split the string on & and break apart each key/value pair individually, is there any way using JavaScript's regular expression support to match multiple occurrences of the pattern /(?:&|&)?([^=]+)=([^&]+)/ similar to PHP's preg_match_all() function?

I'm aiming for some way to get results with the sub-matches separated like:

[['1111342', '348572'], ['Adam%20Franco', 'Bob%20Jones']]

or

[['1111342', 'Adam%20Franco'], ['348572', 'Bob%20Jones']]

解决方案

Hoisted from the comments

2020 comment: rather than using regex, we now have URLSearchParams, which does all of this for us, so no custom code, let alone regex, are necessary anymore.

– Mike 'Pomax' Kamermans

Browser support is listed here https://caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams

---

I would suggest an alternative regex, using sub-groups to capture name and value of the parameters individually and re.exec():

function getUrlParams(url) {
  var re = /(?:?|&(?:amp;)?)([^=&#]+)(?:=?([^&#]*))/g,
      match, params = {},
      decode = function (s) {return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(/+/g, " "));};

  if (typeof url == "undefined") url = document.location.href;

  while (match = re.exec(url)) {
    params[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]);
  }
  return params;
}

var result = getUrlParams("http://maps.google.de/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=de&geocode=&q=Frankfurt+am+Main&sll=50.106047,8.679886&sspn=0.370369,0.833588&ie=UTF8&ll=50.116616,8.680573&spn=0.35972,0.833588&z=11&iwloc=addr");

result is an object:

{
  f: "q"
  geocode: ""
  hl: "de"
  ie: "UTF8"
  iwloc: "addr"
  ll: "50.116616,8.680573"
  q: "Frankfurt am Main"
  sll: "50.106047,8.679886"
  source: "s_q"
  spn: "0.35972,0.833588"
  sspn: "0.370369,0.833588"
  z: "11"
}

The regex breaks down as follows:

(?:            # non-capturing group
  ?|&         #   "?" or "&"
  (?:amp;)?    #   (allow "&", for wrongly HTML-encoded URLs)
)              # end non-capturing group
(              # group 1
  [^=&#]+      #   any character except "=", "&" or "#"; at least once
)              # end group 1 - this will be the parameter's name
(?:            # non-capturing group
  =?           #   an "=", optional
  (            #   group 2
    [^&#]*     #     any character except "&" or "#"; any number of times
  )            #   end group 2 - this will be the parameter's value
)              # end non-capturing group

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