HTML 编码问题 - “Â"字符出现而不是“ " [英] HTML encoding issues - "Â" character showing up instead of " "
问题描述
我有一个旧版应用刚刚开始出现问题，我不确定是什么原因.它生成一堆 HTML，然后由 ActivePDF 转换为 PDF 报告.
I've got a legacy app just starting to misbehave, for whatever reason I'm not sure. It generates a bunch of HTML that gets turned into PDF reports by ActivePDF.
流程如下:
- 从数据库中提取一个 HTML 模板，其中包含要替换的令牌(例如~CompanyName~"、~CustomerName~"等)
- 用真实数据替换令牌
- 使用一个简单的正则表达式函数整理 HTML，该函数对 HTML 标记属性值进行属性格式化(确保引号等，因为 ActivePDF 的渲染引擎讨厌属性值周围的单引号除外)
- 将 HTML 发送到创建 PDF 的网络服务.
在混乱中的某个地方，HTML 模板( s)中的不间断空格编码为 ISO-8859-1，因此它们错误地显示为Â" 在浏览器 (FireFox) 中查看文档时的字符.ActivePDF 会在这些非 UTF8 字符上呕吐.
Somewhere in that mess, the non-breaking spaces from the HTML template (the s) are encoding as ISO-8859-1 so that they show up incorrectly as an "Â" character when viewing the document in a browser (FireFox). ActivePDF pukes on these non-UTF8 characters.
我的问题:由于我不知道问题出在哪里，也没有时间进行调查，是否有一种简单的方法可以重新编码或查找并替换坏字符?我已经尝试通过我拼凑的这个小函数发送它，但它把它全部变成 gobbledegook 并没有改变任何东西.
My question: since I don't know where the problem stems from and don't have time to investigate it, is there an easy way to re-encode or find-and-replace the bad characters? I've tried sending it through this little function I threw together, but it turns it all into gobbledegook doesn't change anything.
Private Shared Function ConvertToUTF8(ByVal html As String) As String
Dim isoEncoding As Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1")
Dim source As Byte() = isoEncoding.GetBytes(html)
Return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Encoding.Convert(isoEncoding, Encoding.UTF8, source))
End Function
有什么想法吗?
我暂时接受了这个，尽管这似乎不是一个好的解决方案:
I'm getting by with this for now, though it hardly seems like a good solution:
Private Shared Function ReplaceNonASCIIChars(ByVal html As String) As String
Return Regex.Replace(html, "[^u0000-u007F]", " ")
End Function
推荐答案
在混乱中的某个地方，HTML 模板( s)中的不间断空格编码为 ISO-8859-1，因此它们错误地显示为Â"字符
Somewhere in that mess, the non-breaking spaces from the HTML template (the s) are encoding as ISO-8859-1 so that they show up incorrectly as an "Â" character
那将是编码为 UTF-8，而不是 ISO-8859-1.ISO-8859-1 中的不间断空格字符是字节 0xA0；当编码为 UTF-8 时，它将是 0xC2,0xA0，如果您(错误地)将其视为 ISO-8859-1，则会显示为 "Â ".这包括您可能没有注意到的尾随 nbsp；如果该字节不存在，则说明有其他东西损坏了您的文档，我们需要进一步查看以找出是什么.
That'd be encoding to UTF-8 then, not ISO-8859-1. The non-breaking space character is byte 0xA0 in ISO-8859-1; when encoded to UTF-8 it'd be 0xC2,0xA0, which, if you (incorrectly) view it as ISO-8859-1 comes out as "Â ". That includes a trailing nbsp which you might not be noticing; if that byte isn't there, then something else has mauled your document and we need to see further up to find out what.
什么是正则表达式，模板是如何工作的?如果您的 字符串(正确地)被转换为 U+00A0 非中断空格字符，那么似乎有一个适当的 HTML 解析器.如果是这样，您可以在 DOM 中本地处理您的模板，并要求它使用 ASCII 编码进行序列化，以保留非 ASCII 字符作为字符引用.这也将阻止您对 HTML 本身进行正则表达式后处理，这始终是一项非常狡猾的业务.
What's the regexp, how does the templating work? There would seem to be a proper HTML parser involved somewhere if your strings are (correctly) being turned into U+00A0 NON-BREAKING SPACE characters. If so, you could just process your template natively in the DOM, and ask it to serialise using the ASCII encoding to keep non-ASCII characters as character references. That would also stop you having to do regex post-processing on the HTML itself, which is always a highly dodgy business.
无论如何，现在您可以将以下内容之一添加到文档的 <head> 中，看看它是否使它在浏览器中看起来正确:
Well anyway, for now you can add one of the following to your document's <head> and see if that makes it look right in the browser:
- 对于 HTML4:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/> - 对于 HTML5:
如果你已经这样做了，那么剩下的任何问题都是 ActivePDF 的错.
If you've done that, then any remaining problem is ActivePDF's fault.
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