如何在广度优先搜索中跟踪路径? [英] How to trace the path in a Breadth-First Search?
问题描述
如何跟踪广度优先搜索的路径,例如在以下示例中:
How do you trace the path of a Breadth-First Search, such that in the following example:
如果搜索键11
,则返回连接1到11的最短列表.
If searching for key 11
, return the shortest list connecting 1 to 11.
[1, 4, 7, 11]
推荐答案
你应该看看 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search 首先.
下面是一个快速实现,其中我使用了一个列表列表来表示路径队列.
Below is a quick implementation, in which I used a list of list to represent the queue of paths.
# graph is in adjacent list representation
graph = {
'1': ['2', '3', '4'],
'2': ['5', '6'],
'5': ['9', '10'],
'4': ['7', '8'],
'7': ['11', '12']
}
def bfs(graph, start, end):
# maintain a queue of paths
queue = []
# push the first path into the queue
queue.append([start])
while queue:
# get the first path from the queue
path = queue.pop(0)
# get the last node from the path
node = path[-1]
# path found
if node == end:
return path
# enumerate all adjacent nodes, construct a
# new path and push it into the queue
for adjacent in graph.get(node, []):
new_path = list(path)
new_path.append(adjacent)
queue.append(new_path)
print bfs(graph, '1', '11')
这会打印:['1', '4', '7', '11']
另一种方法是维护从每个节点到其父节点的映射,并在检查相邻节点时记录其父节点.搜索完成后,只需根据父映射回溯即可.
Another approach would be maintaining a mapping from each node to its parent, and when inspecting the adjacent node, record its parent. When the search is done, simply backtrace according the parent mapping.
graph = {
'1': ['2', '3', '4'],
'2': ['5', '6'],
'5': ['9', '10'],
'4': ['7', '8'],
'7': ['11', '12']
}
def backtrace(parent, start, end):
path = [end]
while path[-1] != start:
path.append(parent[path[-1]])
path.reverse()
return path
def bfs(graph, start, end):
parent = {}
queue = []
queue.append(start)
while queue:
node = queue.pop(0)
if node == end:
return backtrace(parent, start, end)
for adjacent in graph.get(node, []):
if node not in queue :
parent[adjacent] = node # <<<<< record its parent
queue.append(adjacent)
print bfs(graph, '1', '11')
以上代码基于没有循环的假设.
The above codes are based on the assumption that there's no cycles.
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