通过名称或 ID 的一部分获取元素 [英] Get element by part of Name or ID

问题描述

这是我的表单示例(只有我想要的输入，但还有很多其他的):

Here is an example of my form (only inputs that I want, but there is many others):

<form name="inputform" action="..." method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="id_qtedje_77" id="id_qtedje_77" value="0">
    <input type="text" id="id_qte_77" name="prestation_detail_fields[77][qte_collecte]" value="0.00">
    <input type="text" id="id_rec_77" name="prestation_detail_fields[77][reliquat_conforme]" value="0.00">
    <input type="text" id="id_ren_77" name="prestation_detail_fields[77][reliquat_non_conforme]" value="0.00">
    <input type="checkbox" name="prestation_detail_fields[77][dechet_non_present]" value="1">
    
    <!-- another TR -->
    
    <input type="hidden" name="id_qtedje_108" id="id_qtedje_108" value="0">
    <input type="text" id="id_qte_108" name="prestation_detail_fields[108][qte_collecte]" value="0.00">
    <input type="text" id="id_rec_108" name="prestation_detail_fields[108][reliquat_conforme]" value="0.00">
    <input type="text" id="id_ren_108" name="prestation_detail_fields[108][reliquat_non_conforme]" value="0.00">
    <input type="checkbox" name="prestation_detail_fields[108][dechet_non_present]" value="1">
</form>

我想要的是获取输入的值，但由于表单是用 PHP 构建的，我不知道行标识符 (77, 108).

What I want is to get values of inputs, but as the form is built in PHP, I don't know the line identifier (77, 108).

有没有办法做类似 getElementByName('id_qtedje_%') 的事情?

Is there a way to do something like getElementByName('id_qtedje_%') ?

注意:我没有使用任何库，也不打算使用.

Note: I'm not using any library, and I don't plan to use one.

推荐答案

你最好的选择可能是 document.querySelectorAll，您可以使用任何 CSS 选择器，包括 "属性以选择器"开头，例如input[id^="id_qtedje_"].支持所有现代浏览器以及 IE8:

Your best bet is probably document.querySelectorAll, which you can use any CSS selector with, including an "attribute starts with" selector like input[id^="id_qtedje_"]. It's supported on all modern browsers, and also IE8:

var elements = document.querySelectorAll('input[id^="id_qtedje_"]');

如果您只想要第一个匹配项(而不是列表)，您可以使用 document.querySelector 代替.它返回对文档顺序中第一个匹配项的引用，如果没有匹配项，则返回 null.

If you wanted just the first match (rather than a list), you could use document.querySelector instead. It returns a reference to the first match in document order, or null if nothing matched.

或者，您可以给元素一个类名，然后使用 document.getElementsByClassName，但请注意，虽然旧版本的 Chrome 和 Firefox 支持 getElementsByClassName，但 IE8 没有它，所以它是 不像现代更有用的 querySelectorAll 那样受支持.

Alternately, you could give the elements a class name, then use document.getElementsByClassName, but note that while getElementsByClassName was supported in old versions of Chrome and Firefox, IE8 doesn't have it, so it's not as well-supported as the more-useful querySelectorAll in the modern era.

var elements = document.getElementsByClassName("theClassName");

如果你使用任何库(jQuery、MooTools、Closure、Prototype 等)，它们很可能有一个函数，你可以用它来通过几乎任何 CSS 选择器查找元素，填补浏览器支持的空白他们自己的代码.例如，在 jQuery 中，它是 $ (jQuery) 函数；在 MooTools 和 Prototype 中，它是 $$.

If you use any libraries (jQuery, MooTools, Closure, Prototype, etc.), they're likely to have a function you can use to look up elements by just about any CSS selector, filling the gaps in browser support with their own code. For instance, in jQuery, it's the $ (jQuery) function; in MooTools and Prototype, it's $$.

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