如何让PowerShell处理文件名中的[或]? [英] How can I make PowerShell handle [ or ] in file name well?

问题描述

我从 PowerShell - 批量更改文件编码为 UTF-8 中修改了 PowerShell 脚本.

I modified PowerShell script from PowerShell - Batch change files encoding To UTF-8.

# Modified version of https://stackoverflow.com/q/18684793

[Threading.Thread]::CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = 'en-US'

$Encoding = New-Object System.Text.UTF8Encoding($True) # If UTF8Encoding($False), It will be UTF-8 without BOM
$source = "C:UsersAKULADesktopSRC" # source directory
$destination = "C:UsersAKULADesktopDST" # destination directory

if (!(Test-Path $destination)) {
    New-Item -Path $destination -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
}

# Delete all previously generated file
Get-ChildItem -Path $destination -Include * -File -Recurse | ForEach-Object {$_.Delete()}

# Recursively convert all files into UTF-8
foreach ($i in Get-ChildItem $source -Force -Recurse -Exclude "desktop.ini") {
    if ($i.PSIsContainer) {
        continue
    }

    $name = $i.Fullname.Replace($source, $destination)

    $content = Get-Content $i.Fullname

    if ($null -ne $content) {
        [System.IO.File]::WriteAllLines($name, $content, $Encoding)
    } else {
        Write-Host "No content from: $i"   
    }
}

但是用了之后发现PS不能很好的处理[ or ].我制作了一些名称/内容多样化的测试文件.

But after using it, I've found that PS cannot handle [ or ] well. I made some test files that has diversity in name/content.

Get-Content : An object at the specified path C:UsersAKULADesktopSRCFILENAME[[[[[[]]]]]]]].txt does not exist, or
has been filtered by the -Include or -Exclude parameter.
At C:UsersAKULADesktopConvert_to_UTF-8.ps1:24 char:16
+     $content = Get-Content $i.Fullname
+                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (System.String[]:String[]) [Get-Content], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ItemNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetContentCommand

由于我无法嵌入有问题的图像，这里是 IMGUR 专辑的链接.
完整图片列表:https://imgur.com/a/aN1RG2L

Since I cannot embed images in question, here is link of IMGUR album.
Full image list: https://imgur.com/a/aN1RG2L

这些是我测试过的:

• 测试文件有不同的名称.他们的名字包含空格，'，<代码>[].还组成了不同的语言(日语、韩语).
• 这些文件具有相同的内容，使用 UCS-2 BE BOM(UTF-16 BE) 编码，因此我可以检查它是否已重新编码为 UTF-8.

• Test files have different names. Their name contains space, ', []. Also made up different language(Japanese, Korean).
• These files have same content, encoded with UCS-2 BE BOM(UTF-16 BE) so that I can check if it has re-encoded to UTF-8.

如何让我的脚本很好地处理文件名中的[ 或]?

How can I make my script handle [ or ] in file name well?

推荐答案

确实，使用 -LiteralPath 参数是最好的解决方案(在 PowerShell [Core] v6+ 中，可以缩短为 -lp):

Indeed, use of the -LiteralPath parameter is the best solution (in PowerShell [Core] v6+, you can shorten to -lp):

$content = Get-Content -LiteralPath $i.Fullname

-LiteralPath 确保 $i.Fullname 被采用verbatim(字面意思)；也就是说，路径中的 [ 和 ] 被解释为它们本身而不是具有特殊含义(见下文).

-LiteralPath ensures that $i.Fullname is taken verbatim (literally); that is, [ and ] in the path are interpreted as themselves rather than having special meaning (see below).

至于你尝试了什么:

$content = Get-Content $i.Fullname

实际上等同于:

$content = Get-Content -Path $i.Fullname

也就是说，传递给Get-Content的(第一个)位置参数隐式绑定到
-Path 参数.

That is, the (first) positional argument passed to Get-Content is implicitly bound to the
-Path parameter.

-Path 参数接受 通配符表达式允许通过模式匹配路径；除了支持 *(任何字符运行)和 ?(正好 1 个字符)，[...] 里面通配符模式表示字符集 或范围(例如，[12] 或 [0-9]).

The -Path parameter accepts wildcard expressions to allow matching paths by patterns; in addition to support for * (any run of characters) and ? (exactly 1 character), [...] inside a wildcard pattern denotes a character set or range (e.g., [12] or [0-9]).

因此，包含 [...] 的实际路径，例如 foo[10].txt，不会被识别为这样，因为 [10] 被解释为与 单个 字符匹配的字符集，即 either 1 或 <代码>0;即 foo[10].txt 将匹配 foo0.txt 和 foo1.txt，但不是字面上名为 foo[10].txt.

Therefore an actual path that contains [...], e.g., foo[10].txt, is not recognized as such, because the [10] is interpreted as a character set matching a single character that is either 1 or 0; that is foo[10].txt would match foo0.txt and foo1.txt, but not a file literally named foo[10].txt.

当(隐式)使用 -Path 时，可以转义 [ 和 ] 应该逐字解释的实例，即通过反引号 (`)，但请注意，当涉及引用和/或变量引用时，这可能会变得棘手.

When (implicitly) using -Path, it is possible to escape [ and ] instances that should be interpreted verbatim, namely via the backtick (`), but note that this can get tricky to get right when quoting and/or variable references are involved.

如果你知道一个路径是文字路径，最好养成使用-LiteralPath的习惯(在PowerShell Core 你可以缩短为 -lp).

但是，如果您的路径包含 literal [ 和 ] 并且您还需要通配符匹配，您必须使用 `-escaping - 请参阅此答案.

However, if your path contains literal [ and ] and you also need wildcard matching, you must use `-escaping - see this answer.

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