用于测试的嵌入式 H2 数据库的 Spring 配置 [英] Spring configuration for embedded H2 database for tests

问题描述

使用 嵌入式 h2 数据源 进行集成测试的 Spring 配置是什么样的?，可选，JUnit?

我第一次尝试 SingleConnectionDataSource 基本上可以工作，但在更复杂的测试中失败，您需要同时进行多个连接或暂停事务.我认为 基于 tcp 的服务器模式中的 h2 可能有效也可以，但是对于内存中的临时嵌入式数据库，这可能不是最快的通信方式.

有哪些可能性及其优点/缺点?另外，您如何创建表/填充数据库?

<小时>

更新:让我们指定一些对此类测试很重要的具体要求.

• 数据库应该是临时的并且在内存中
• 出于速度要求，连接可能不应该使用 tcp
• 如果我能在调试过程中使用数据库工具检查数据库的内容就好了
• 我们必须定义一个数据源，因为我们不能在单元测试中使用应用服务器数据源

解决方案

保留不知道有没有什么工具可以检查数据库，我认为一个简单的解决方案是使用Spring嵌入式数据库(3.1.x 文档，当前文档)，支持 HSQL、H2 和 Derby.

使用 H2，您的 xml 配置将如下所示:

<jdbc:script location="classpath:db-schema.sql"/><jdbc:script location="classpath:db-test-data.sql"/></jdbc:embedded-database>

如果你更喜欢基于 Java 的配置，你可以像这样实例化一个 DataSource(注意 EmbeddedDataBase 扩展了 DataSource):

@Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")公共嵌入式数据库数据源(){返回新的 EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("db-schema.sql").addScript("db-test-data.sql").建造();}

数据库表由 db-schema.sql 脚本创建，并填充了来自 db-test-data.sql 脚本的测试数据.>

不要忘记将 H2 数据库驱动程序添加到您的类路径中.

What does your Spring configuration for integration tests look like using an embedded h2 datasource and, optionally, JUnit?

My first try with a SingleConnectionDataSource basically worked, but failed on more complicated tests where you need several connections at the same time or suspended transactions. I think h2 in tcp based server mode might work as well, but this is probably not the fastest communication mode for a temporary embedded database in memory.

What are the possibilities and their advantages / disadvantages? Also, how do you create the tables / populate the database?

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Update: Let's specify some concrete requirements that are important for such tests.

• The database should be temporary and in memory
• The connection should probably not use tcp, for speed requirements
• It would be nice if I could use a database tool to inspect the content of the database during debugging
• We have to define a datasource since we can't use the application servers datasource in unit tests

解决方案

With the reservation that I do not know if there is any tool that can inspect the database, I think that a simple solution would be to use the Spring embedded database (3.1.x docs, current docs) which supports HSQL, H2, and Derby.

Using H2, your xml configuration would look like the following:

<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
    <jdbc:script location="classpath:db-schema.sql"/>
    <jdbc:script location="classpath:db-test-data.sql"/>
</jdbc:embedded-database>

If you prefer Java based configuration, you can instantiate a DataSource like this (note that EmbeddedDataBase extends DataSource):

@Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
public EmbeddedDatabase dataSource() {
    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().
            setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).
            addScript("db-schema.sql").
            addScript("db-test-data.sql").
            build();
}

The database tables are created by the db-schema.sql script and they are populated with test data from the db-test-data.sql script.

Don't forget to add the H2 database driver to your classpath.

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