get_map 未传递 API 密钥(HTTP 状态为“403 禁止") [英] get_map not passing the API key (HTTP status was '403 Forbidden')

问题描述

我一直在 R 中的 get_map() 函数(ggmap 库)中遇到这个问题.

我的代码运行了几个月，无需指定 API 密钥(对于 source = "google").但是，该代码在几周前停止工作.我知道谷歌已经强制使用 API 密钥(或者他们可能允许在没有我用尽的 api 密钥的情况下进行一定数量的调用).

但是，即使指定了 API 密钥(从 Google Cloud Platform 获得)，我的代码仍然以相同的方式运行.我什至联系了谷歌云支持，但他们说 API 密钥本身没有问题，他们能够在最后调用地图.

我怀疑 get_map() 函数在从 Google 调用地图时没有传递 api_key.任何指向解决方案的指针将不胜感激.

以下是可重现的代码(即失败).

库(ggmap)lat <- c(4,41) # 印度纬度边界lon <- c(68,99) # 印度长边界中心 = c(平均值(纬度)，平均值(经度))地图 <- get_map(location = c(lon = mean(lon),纬度=平均值(纬度))，api_key = <我的 api 密钥>,缩放 = 6，maptype = "地形",来源 = "谷歌",消息传递 = 真)

下面是 R 中的错​​误信息(注意 API 密钥没有通过)

尝试 URL 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=22.5,83.5&zoom=6&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=false'download.file(url, destfile = tmp, quiet = !messaging, mode = "wb") 中的错误:无法打开 URL 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=22.5,83.5&zoom=6&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=假'另外: 警告信息:在 download.file(url, destfile = tmp, quiet = !messaging, mode = "wb") 中:无法打开 URL 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=22.5,83.5&zoom=6&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=false':HTTP 状态为 '403 Forbidden'

解决方案

您需要在 R 的每个新会话中使用 register_google(key = "...").使用 get_map() 调用中的 >api_key = 不起作用.

<小时>

更新:2018 年 12 月 24 日，ggmap 2.7.904 和当前的 Google Cloud API

分步教程

1.更新到最新版本的 ggmap

require(devtools)devtools::install_github("dkahle/ggmap", ref = "tidyup")

2.在 Google Cloud Console 中为所有 API 激活您的 Google API 密钥

• 3.加载ggmap并注册key

  库(ggmap)register_google(key = "...") # 通过复制"按钮直接从 Google 控制台复制

  4.绘制默认地图

  ggmap(get_googlemap())

  5.带有位置名称的绘图(地理编码)

  ggmap(get_map(德国汉诺威"))

  <块引用>

  如果您在此处收到错误消息(例如 Forbidden 403)，您很可能没有为正确的 API 激活您的密钥.

  6.用经度和纬度绘制

  ggmap(get_map(location=c(16.3738,48.2082), zoom=13, scale=2))

  I have been facing this issue in the get_map() function (ggmap library) in R.

  My code was running without the need to specify an API key (for source = "google") for several months. However, the code stopped working a couple of weeks back. I understood that Google has made the API key mandatory (or maybe they allowed a certain no of calls without the api key which I exhausted).

  However, even after specifying the API key (obtained from Google Cloud Platform) my code continued behaving the same way. I even contacted Google Cloud Support, but they said there was nothing wrong with the API key per se and they were able to invoke the map at their end.

  I suspect the get_map() function is not passing the api_key while invoking the map from Google. Any pointers towards resolution would be appreciated.

  Below is the reproducible code (that is failing).

  library(ggmap)
  
  lat <- c(4,41)  # India lat boundaries
  lon <- c(68,99) # India long boundaries
  center = c(mean(lat), mean(lon))
  
  map <- get_map(location = c(lon = mean(lon), 
                              lat = mean(lat)),
                 api_key = <my api key>,
                 zoom = 6,
                 maptype = "terrain",
                 source = "google",
                 messaging = TRUE
  )
  

  And below is the error message in R (note the API key is not getting passed)

  trying URL 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=22.5,83.5&zoom=6&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=false'
  Error in download.file(url, destfile = tmp, quiet = !messaging, mode = "wb") : 
    cannot open URL 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=22.5,83.5&zoom=6&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=false'
  In addition: Warning message:
  In download.file(url, destfile = tmp, quiet = !messaging, mode = "wb") :
    cannot open URL 'http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=22.5,83.5&zoom=6&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=false': HTTP status was '403 Forbidden'
  

  解决方案

  You need to use register_google(key = "...") in every new session of R. Using api_key = inside the get_map() call does not work.

  ---

  updated: 2018-12-24 for ggmap 2.7.904 and current Google Cloud API

  Step-by-Step Tutorial

  1. Update to newest version of ggmap

  require(devtools)
  devtools::install_github("dkahle/ggmap", ref = "tidyup")
  

  2. Activate your Google API key for all APIs in the Google Cloud Console

  • Link for more info on how to get an API key

  • Direct Link to Google Cloud Platform Console

  • Direct Link to Google Maps API Pricing Information

  • APIs you need: Maps Static and Geocoding

  • Enable billing in the general settings.

  3. Load ggmap and register key

  library(ggmap)
  register_google(key = "...")     # copied directly from Google Console via 'copy' button
  

  4. Plot default map

  ggmap(get_googlemap())          
  

  5. Plot with location name (Geocoding)

  ggmap(get_map("Hannover, Germany"))
  

  If you get an error here (e.g., Forbidden 403) you most probably have not activated your key for the right APIs. Tutorial to troubleshoot geocoding

  6. Plot with longitude and latitude

  ggmap(get_map(location=c(16.3738,48.2082), zoom=13, scale=2))
  

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