如何在 Go 中将 byte/uint8 数组编组为 json 数组? [英] How to marshal a byte/uint8 array as json array in Go?

问题描述

我有一个带有 []uint8 成员的结构，我用 json.Marshal 编写它.问题是，它将 uint8s 解释为 chars 并输出一个字符串而不是一个数字数组.

I've got a struct with a []uint8 member and I'm writing it with json.Marshal. Trouble is, it's interpreting the uint8s as chars and it outputs a string rather than an array of numbers.

如果它是 []int，我可以让它工作，但如果我可以避免它，我不想分配和复制项目.我可以吗?

I can get this to work if it's a []int, but I don't want to have to allocate and copy over the items if I can avoid it. Can I?

推荐答案

根据 docs，[]byte 将被编码为 Base64 字符串.

According to the docs, a []byte will be encoded as a Base64 string.

数组和切片值编码为 JSON 数组，除了 []byte 编码为 base64 编码字符串，而 nil 切片编码为空 JSON 对象."em>

"Array and slice values encode as JSON arrays, except that []byte encodes as a base64-encoded string, and a nil slice encodes as the null JSON object."

所以我认为你可能需要让你的结构实现 Marshaler 接口通过实现您自己的 MarshalJSON 方法，从您的 []uint8 中生成更理想的 JSON 数组编码.

So I think that you may need to make your struct implement the Marshaler interface by implementing your own MarshalJSON method that makes a more desirable JSON array encoding out of your []uint8.

以这个例子为例:

import "fmt"
import "encoding/json"
import "strings"

type Test struct {
    Name  string
    Array []uint8
}

func (t *Test) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
    var array string
    if t.Array == nil {
        array = "null"
    } else {
        array = strings.Join(strings.Fields(fmt.Sprintf("%d", t.Array)), ",")
    }
    jsonResult := fmt.Sprintf(`{"Name":%q,"Array":%s}`, t.Name, array)
    return []byte(jsonResult), nil
}

func main() {
    t := &Test{"Go", []uint8{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}}

    m, err := json.Marshal(t)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("%s", m) // {"Name":"Go","Array":[104,101,108,108,111]}
}

http://play.golang.org/p/Tip59Z9gqs

或者也许更好的主意是创建一个以 []uint8 作为其基础类型的新类型，将该类型设为 Marshaler，并在该类型中使用该类型你的结构.

Or maybe a better idea would be to make a new type that has []uint8 as its underlying type, make that type a Marshaler, and use that type in your struct.

import "fmt"
import "encoding/json"
import "strings"

type JSONableSlice []uint8

func (u JSONableSlice) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
    var result string
    if u == nil {
        result = "null"
    } else {
        result = strings.Join(strings.Fields(fmt.Sprintf("%d", u)), ",")
    }
    return []byte(result), nil
}

type Test struct {
    Name  string
    Array JSONableSlice
}

func main() {
    t := &Test{"Go", []uint8{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}}

    m, err := json.Marshal(t)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("%s", m) // {"Name":"Go","Array":[104,101,108,108,111]}
}

http://play.golang.org/p/6aURXw8P5d

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