如何解决“找不到路径 X 的模块"?导入本地 Go 模块? [英] How do I resolve "cannot find module for path X" importing a local Go module?

问题描述

在我的 Go 项目中，我想将一些通用功能分解为一个 Go 模块，与主项目分开.为了与 Go 的未来保持一致，我在 GOPATH 之外做这件事.我不想在 GitHub 或其他任何地方发布该模块.

In my Go project, I want to break out some generic functionality into a Go module, separate from the main project. I'm doing this outside of GOPATH in keeping with go's future. I don't want to publish the module on GitHub or anywhere else.

我将这个模块导入主项目的所有尝试都导致:

All my attempts to import this module into the main project result in:

cannot find module for path X

我已经在模块的文件夹中运行了 go mod init X.它的go.mod文件内容为:

I've run go mod init X in the module's folder. The contents of its go.mod file is:

module X

构建或安装此模块似乎没有任何作用.我在 $GOPATH/pgk/mod 中没有发现它的迹象.

Building or installing this module seems to do nothing. I've found no sign of it in $GOPATH/pgk/mod.

我尝试了多种导入语句:

I've tried a variety of import statements:

• 导入X"
• import "../x" (相对路径到模块目录)
• import "../x/X"(目录路径+模块名)

• import "X"
• import "../x" (relative path to the module directory)
• import "../x/X" (path to the directory + module name)

帮助！

推荐答案

所以你写了一个 Go库"模块 X 其中:

So you wrote a Go "library" module X which:

• 您不想在 GitHub 或其他地方发布
• 您想导入并在您的项目中使用(main"模块).

在主模块的 go.mod 中，添加以下几行:

In your main module's go.mod, add the following lines:

require "X" v0.0.0
replace "X" v0.0.0 => "{local path to the X module}"

路径应该指向X的根目录.它可以是绝对的，也可以是相对的.

The path should point to the root directory of X. It can be absolute or relative.

从模块X导入包util:

import "X/util"

(您不导入模块.您从模块导入包.)

(You don't import modules. You import packages from modules.)

Go 的模块功能专为公开发布的模块而设计.通常，模块的名称既是其唯一标识符，也是其公共存储库的路径.当您的 go.mod 使用 require<声明模块依赖项时/code> 指令，Go 将自动在该路径查找并检索指定版本的模块.

Go's module functionality is designed for publicly published modules. Normally, a module's name is both its unique identifier and the path to its public repo. When your go.mod declares a module dependency with the require directive, Go will automatically find and retrieve the specified version of the module at that path.

例如，如果您的 go.mod 文件包含 require github.com/some/dependency v1.2.3，Go 将在该路径从 GitHub 检索模块.但是如果它包含 require X v0.0.0，X"不是实际路径，您将收到错误 cannot find module for path X.

If, for example, your go.mod file contains require github.com/some/dependency v1.2.3, Go will retrieve the module from GitHub at that path. But if it contains require X v0.0.0, "X" isn't an actual path and you will get the error cannot find module for path X.

replace 指令允许您为给定的模块标识符和版本指定替换路径.您想要的原因有很多这样做，例如在将更改推送到公共存储库之前测试对模块的更改.但您也可以使用它来将模块标识符绑定到您不打算发布的本地代码.

The replace directive allows you to specify a replacement path for a given module identifier and version. There are many reasons you'd want to do this, such as to test changes to a module before pushing them to the public repo. But you can also use it to bind a module identifier to local code you don't ever intend to publish.

Go Modules 文档中的更多详细信息:

More details in the Go Modules documentation:

• 我可以在本地文件系统上完全脱离 VCS 工作吗?
• 我应该什么时候使用替换指令?

希望这会有所帮助.

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