如何将当前 git 分支的名称放入 shell 脚本中的变量中? [英] How to get the name of the current git branch into a variable in a shell script?

问题描述

我是 shell 脚本的新手，无法弄清楚这一点.如果你不熟悉，命令 git branch 会返回类似

I am new to shell scripting and can't figure this out. If you are unfamiliar, the command git branch returns something like

* develop
  master

，其中星号标记当前签出的分支.当我在终端中运行以下命令时:

, where the asterisk marks the currently checked out branch. When I run the following in the terminal:

git branch | grep "*"

我明白了:

* develop

正如预期的那样.

但是，当我运行时

test=$(git branch | grep "*")

或

test=`git branch | grep "*"`

然后

echo $test

，结果只是目录中的文件列表.我们如何让 test="* develop" 的值?

, the result is just a list of files in the directory. How do we make the value of test="* develop"?

然后下一步(一旦我们将* develop"放入名为 test 的变量中)，就是获取子字符串.会不会是下面这样?

Then the next step (once we get "* develop" into a variable called test), is to get the substring. Would that just be the following?

currentBranch=${test:2} 

我正在玩那个子字符串函数，但我遇到了很多错误替换"错误，但不知道为什么.

I was playing around with that substring function and I got "bad substitution" errors a lot and don't know why.

推荐答案

* 被扩展，你可以做的是使用 sed 代替 grep 并立即获取分支名称:

The * is expanded, what you can do is use sed instead of grep and get the name of the branch immediately:

branch=$(git branch | sed -n -e 's/^* (.*)/1/p')

和 Noufal Ibrahim 建议的使用 git 符号引用的版本

And a version using git symbolic-ref, as suggested by Noufal Ibrahim

branch=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD | sed -e 's,.*/(.*),1,')

为了详细说明扩展，(正如 marco 已经做过的那样)扩展发生在 echo 中，当您使用包含 的 echo $test 执行 echo $test* master 然后*按照正常的扩展规则进行扩展.要抑制这一点，必须引用变量，如 marco 所示:echo "$test".或者，如果你在回显之前去掉星号，一切都会好起来的，例如echo ${test:2} 只会回显 master.或者，您可以按照您已经提出的建议重新分配它:

To elaborate on the expansion, (as marco already did,) the expansion happens in the echo, when you do echo $test with $test containing * master then the * is expanded according to the normal expansion rules. To suppress this one would have to quote the variable, as shown by marco: echo "$test". Alternatively, if you get rid of the asterisk before you echo it, all will be fine, e.g. echo ${test:2} will just echo master. Alternatively you could assign it anew as you already proposed:

branch=${test:2}
echo $branch

这将像您想要的那样回显 master.

This will echo master, like you wanted.

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