为 Ubuntu 安装 RT Linux 补丁 [英] Install RT Linux patch for Ubuntu

问题描述

试图通过修补/安装 RT Linux 来修改内核，使我的通用 Ubuntu 成为实时 Ubuntu，但找不到直接设置.有人可以帮忙完成这些步骤吗?

Trying to make my generic Ubuntu to real time Ubuntu by modifying the kernel by patching / installing RT Linux but couldn't find a straight setup. Can someone help with the steps?

推荐答案

步骤 0 - 创建工作目录

创建工作目录

#Move to working directory
mkdir ~/kernel && cd ~/kernel

步骤 1 - 下载内核和补丁

转到https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/ 并将所需版本的内核下载到 ~/kernel.同样，转到 https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/ 并下载与下载的内核版本相同版本的RT补丁.我使用的内核和补丁是 linux-4.9.115.tar.gz 和 patch-4.9.155-rt93.patch.gz.

Go to https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/ and download a desired version of kernel to ~/kernel. Similarly, go to https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/ and download the RT patch with same version as the downloaded kernel version. The kernel and patch I used were linux-4.9.115.tar.gz and patch-4.9.155-rt93.patch.gz.

第 2 步 - 解压缩内核

tar -xzvf linux-4.9.115.tar.gz

第 3 步 - 修补内核

#Move to kernel source directory
cd linux-4.9.115
gzip -cd ../patch-4.9.115-rt93.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose

第 4 步 - 启用实时处理这一步需要libncurses-dev

Step 4 - Enable realtime processing This step requires libncurses-dev

sudo apt-get install libncurses-dev libssl-dev

下一个命令在终端中启动图形菜单以生成配置文件.

The next command launches a graphical menu in the terminal to generate the config file.

make menuconfig

转到位置并进行相应的更改

Go to the location and make the changes accordingly

##Graphical Menu##

Processor type and features ---> [Enter]
Preemption Model (Voluntary Kernel Preemption (Desktop)) [Enter]
Fully Preemptible Kernel (RT) [Enter] #Select

[Esc][Esc]

Kernel hacking --> [Enter]
Memory Debugging [Enter]
Check for stack overflows #Already deselected - do not select


[Esc][Esc]


[Right Arrow][Right Arrow]

<Save> [Enter]

.config

<Okay> [Enter]

<Exit> [Enter]


[Esc][Esc]


[Right Arrow]
<Exit> [Enter]

第 5 步 - 编译内核

make -j20
sudo make modules_install -j20
sudo make install -j20

第 6 步 - 验证和更新验证/boot目录下是否生成了initrd.img-4.9.115-rt93、vmlinuz-4.9.115-rt93和config-4.9.115-rt93，并更新grub.

Step 6 - Verify and update Verify that initrd.img-4.9.115-rt93, vmlinuz-4.9.115-rt93, and config-4.9.115-rt93 are generated in /boot directory and update the grub.

cd /boot
ls
sudo update-grub

验证/boot/grub/grub.cfg 文件中是否存在包含文本menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.9.115-rt93'"的菜单项

Verify that there is a menuentry containing the text "menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.9.115-rt93'" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg file

要更改 grub 中的默认内核，请将 /etc/default/grub 中的 GRUB_DEFAULT 值编辑为您想要的内核.

To change default kernel in grub, edit the GRUB_DEFAULT value in /etc/default/grub to your desired kernel.

注意:0 是第一个菜单项

7 - 重新启动并验证

sudo reboot

系统重启后，打开终端，使用uname -a查看内核版本，如下图

Once the system reboots, open the terminal and use uname -a to check the kernel version, it should look like the following

Linux abhay-home 4.9.115-rt93 #1 SMP PREEMPT RT Mon May 13 03:32:57 EDT 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

注意:SMP PREEMPT RT"验证您的系统正在运行实时内核.

Note: "SMP PREEMPT RT" validates that your system is running real time kernel.

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