Java/Swing GUI 最佳实践(从代码角度) [英] Java/Swing GUI best practices (from a code standpoint)

问题描述

与本维基相比，我正在寻找合适的从编码的角度实现 Swing GUI 控件的方法.

As a contrast to this wiki, I am looking for the proper way to implement Swing GUI controls from a coding standpoint.

我一直在寻求学习 Java 及其 GUI 工具，但我发现一个接一个的互联网教程将所有内容都放在 main 中，我知道这是不对的.

I have been on a quest to learn Java and its GUI tools but I find internet tutorial after internet tutorial that throws everything in main and I know this isn't right.

我也尝试过 RAD 系统，如 Netbeans 和其他可视化"编辑器，但是当我开始编码时，我有一大堆代码，我不知道它的一半功能，所以我打算学习手工编写代码摇摆，我知道基本的控件和布局，但想以正确的方式去做.

I've also tried RAD systems like Netbeans and other "visual" editors but by the time I get to coding I've got a heap of code that I don't know half of what it does, so I'm intent on learning to hand code swing, and I know the basic controls and layout, but want to do it the right way.

是否有我遗漏的模型或标准?

Is there a model or standard I'm missing?

示例问题...

我是否扩展 JFrame 并创建我自己的框架对象?(我假设是)

do I extend JFrame and create my own frame object? (I would assume yes)

我是否将主菜单封装在该框架对象中?还是我自己创建?等等...

do I encapsulate the main menu inside that frame object? or do I create its own? etc...

如何将视图"逻辑与应用程序"逻辑分开?

How to I separate "View" logic from "Application" logic?

基本上，我正在寻找关于如何组织 GUI 代码的行业标准.

推荐答案

由于似乎对什么是最佳实践"存在一些争论，我将向您提供我发现的最适合我的方法，以及我的推理:

Since there seems to be some argument about what constitutes "best practices", I'll give you what I have found works best for me, and my reasoning:

1.每个窗口都应该扩展 JFrame 或 JDialog(取决于窗口的类型).这使得无需每次都指定特定对象即可轻松控制窗口的属性.不过，这更像是一般情况，因为众所周知，我会采用两种方式.

1. Each window should extend either JFrame or JDialog (depending on the type of window). This makes it easy to control the properties of the window without specifying a specific object every time. This is more of the general case, though, as I have been known to do it both ways.

2.main() 方法应该在一个单独的类中.这增加了能够在其他地方使用您的窗口类的可能性，因为它们不依赖于特定的实现.从技术上讲，它没有什么区别，但应用程序启动代码不属于窗口.

2. The main() method should be in a separate class. This increases the likelihood of being able to use your window classes elsewhere, as they are not tied to specific implementations. Technically it doesn't make a difference, but application startup code just doesn't belong in a window.

3.侦听器应该在匿名内部类中.您的顶级类不应实现任何侦听器.这可以防止黑客从任何地方调用侦听器方法，除了它们所附加的对象.

3. Listeners should be in anonymous inner classes. Your top-level class should not implement any listeners. This prevents hacks like calling the listener methods from anywhere except the object to which they are attached.

这是一个简单的应用程序，带有单个框架来演示这些做法:

Here is a simple application with a single frame to demonstrate these practices:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String text = args[0];
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                final MyWindow wnd = new MyWindow(text);
                wnd.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
}

public class MyWindow extends JFrame {
    public MyWindow(String text) {
        super("My Window");

        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                MyWindow.this.setVisible(false);
                MyWindow.this.dispose();
            }
        });

        final JButton btn = new JButton(text);
        btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(MyWindow.this, "Button Pressed", "Hey", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            }
        });

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(btn);
        pack();
    }
}

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