如何在 Django 中使用不同的设置进行单元测试? [英] How to Unit test with different settings in Django?

问题描述

是否有任何简单的机制来覆盖单元测试的 Django 设置?我的一个模型上有一个管理器，它返回特定数量的最新对象.它返回的对象数量由 NUM_LATEST 设置定义.

Is there any simple mechanism for overriding Django settings for a unit test? I have a manager on one of my models that returns a specific number of the latest objects. The number of objects it returns is defined by a NUM_LATEST setting.

如果有人要更改设置，这有可能使我的测试失败.如何覆盖 setUp() 上的设置并随后在 tearDown() 上恢复它们​​?如果这是不可能的，有什么方法可以修改方法或模拟设置吗?

This has the potential to make my tests fail if someone were to change the setting. How can I override the settings on setUp() and subsequently restore them on tearDown()? If that isn't possible, is there some way I can monkey patch the method or mock the settings?

这是我的经理代码:

class LatestManager(models.Manager):
    """
    Returns a specific number of the most recent public Articles as defined by 
    the NEWS_LATEST_MAX setting.
    """
    def get_query_set(self):
        num_latest = getattr(settings, 'NEWS_NUM_LATEST', 10)
        return super(LatestManager, self).get_query_set().filter(is_public=True)[:num_latest]

管理器使用 settings.NEWS_LATEST_MAX 对查询集进行切片.getattr() 仅用于在设置不存在时提供默认值.

The manager uses settings.NEWS_LATEST_MAX to slice the queryset. The getattr() is simply used to provide a default should the setting not exist.

推荐答案

如果您想更改少量特定测试的设置，则此答案适用.

This answer applies if you want to change settings for a small number of specific tests.

从 Django 1.4 开始，有多种方法可以在测试期间覆盖设置:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/testing/tools/#overriding-settings

Since Django 1.4, there are ways to override settings during tests: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/testing/tools/#overriding-settings

TestCase 将有一个 self.settings 上下文管理器，并且还有一个 @override_settings 装饰器，可以应用于测试方法或整个 TestCase 子类.

TestCase will have a self.settings context manager, and there will also be an @override_settings decorator that can be applied to either a test method or a whole TestCase subclass.

这些特性在 Django 1.3 中还不存在.

These features did not exist yet in Django 1.3.

如果您想更改所有测试的设置，您需要为测试创建一个单独的设置文件，该文件可以加载和覆盖主设置文件中的设置.在其他答案中有几种很好的方法；我已经看到 hspander's 和 dmitrii 的 方法.

If you want to change settings for all your tests, you'll want to create a separate settings file for test, which can load and override settings from your main settings file. There are several good approaches to this in the other answers; I have seen successful variations on both hspander's and dmitrii's approaches.

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