冒号是否需要在 URI 查询参数中进行编码? [英] Do colons require encoding in URI query parameters?

问题描述

我注意到 Java 的 UriBuilder 没有对包含在我的查询参数值(ISO 8601 格式的字符串)中的 : 字符进行编码.

I've noticed that Java's UriBuilder isn't encoding the : characters included in my query parameter values (ISO 8601-formatted strings).

根据维基百科，似乎应该对冒号进行编码.

According to Wikipedia, it seems colon should be encoded.

特别是，对查询字符串进行编码使用以下规则:

In particular, encoding the query string uses the following rules:

• 字母(A-Z 和 a-z)、数字 (0-9) 和字符."、-"、~"和_"保持原样
• SPACE 被编码为+"或 %20[需要引用]
• 所有其他字符都编码为 %FF 十六进制表示，任何非 ASCII 字符首先编码为 UTF-8(或其他指定的编码)

那么，这是怎么回事?查询参数中的冒号是否应该编码?

So, what's the deal? Should colons in query parameters be encoded or not?

更新:

我查看了 URI 语法规范(RFC 3986)，它看起来像真的没有必要在查询参数中编码冒号.以下是 ABNF 的 URI 摘录:

I looked up the URI Syntax spec (RFC 3986) and it looks like encoding colons in query params really isn't necessary. Here's an excerpt from the ABNF for URI:

URI         = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")" / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "=

推荐答案

是的，它们应该编码在查询字符串中.正确的编码是 %3A

Yes, they should be encoded in a query string. The correct encoding is %3A

不过，我能理解为什么 UriBuilder 没有对 : 进行编码.您不想在协议之后(例如 http:)或用户名和密码之间(例如 ftp://username:[e-mail])对冒号进行编码) 在绝对 URI 中.

However, I can understand why UriBuilder isn't encoding :. You don't want to encode the colon after the protocol (eg http:) or between the username and password (eg ftp://username:[e-mail]) in an absolute URI.

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