如何更改 tkinter 树视图中选定单元格的前景色或背景色? [英] How to change the foreground or background colour of a selected cell in tkinter treeview?
问题描述
我想更改 tkinter.treeview 中选定单元格的前景色或背景色.我该怎么做?
I would like to change the foreground or background colour of a selected cell in tkinter.treeview. How can I do that?
此链接显示了更改树视图中所有单元格颜色的命令,但我无法使其正常工作对于单个单元格.
This link showed the command to change the colour of all cells in a treeview but I could not get it to work for a single cell.
ttk.Style().configure("Treeview", background="#383838",
foreground="white", fieldbackground="red")
我之前写过一个测试代码.请使用此代码导出您的解决方案/建议.谢谢.
I had previously written a test code. Please use this code to derive your solution/advice. Thanks.
这个链接展示了如何使用标签来改变一行数据,即选定的项目,但不是单元格.
This link showed how tags may be used to change the colour of a row of data, i.e. a selected item, but not a cell.
推荐答案
- @BryanOkley 分享了一个人无法改变颜色ttk.Treeview 中的单元格.
- 所以我探索了使用 tk.Canvas() 和 tk.Canvas.create_text() 来创造改变选定单元格颜色的错觉ttk.Treeview() 小部件.我有幸来过j08lue/ttkcalendar.py 和我有相同的目标改编自它.
- 我改编的脚本(带有相关注释)如下所示.一世希望它可以帮助其他想这样做的人.
- @BryanOkley shared that one cannot change the color of an individual cell in ttk.Treeview.
- So I explored using tk.Canvas() and tk.Canvas.create_text() to create the illusion of changing the color of a selected cell in a ttk.Treeview() widget. I was fortunate to come by j08lue/ttkcalendar.py which had the same objective and I adapted from it.
- My adapted script (with the relevant comments) is shown below. I hope it can help others thinking of doing the same.
需要改进:我不明白为什么我的算法不能准确地将画布文本框覆盖在图标/树列和值列中选定的树视图单元格中的值上.为此,我求助于使用通过试验和确定的软糖值.错误.然而,这并不理想.有人可以分享我如何在不使用软糖值的情况下实现 canvas_textbox 叠加层与 Treeview 单元格值的准确对齐吗?
Improvement needed: I have not figured out why my algorithm could not accurately overlay the Canvas Textbox over the values in the selected Treeview cells in the icon/tree column and the value columns. To that end, I resorted to using fudge values determined via trial & error. However, this is not ideal. Can someone share how I can achieve accurate alignment of the canvas_textbox overlay with the Treeview cell value without using a fudge value?
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
import tkinter.font as tkFont
class App(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
#1. Create Treeview with binding
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(parent, columns=("size", "modified"))
self.tree["columns"] = ("date", "time", "loc")
self.tree.column("#0", width=100, anchor='center')
self.tree.column("date", width=100, anchor='center')
self.tree.column("time", width=100, anchor='center')
self.tree.column("loc", width=100, anchor='center')
self.tree.heading("#0", text="Name")
self.tree.heading("date", text="Date")
self.tree.heading("time", text="Time")
self.tree.heading("loc", text="Location")
self.tree.insert("","end", text = "Grace",
values = ("2010-09-23","03:44:53","Garden"))
self.tree.insert("","end", text = "John" ,
values = ("2017-02-05","11:30:23","Airport"))
self.tree.insert("","end", text = "Betty",
values = ("2014-06-25","18:00:00",""))
self.tree.grid()
self.tree.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.selectItem)
#2. Create a Canvas Overlay to show selected Treeview cell
sel_bg = '#ecffc4'
sel_fg = '#05640e'
self.setup_selection(sel_bg, sel_fg)
def setup_selection(self, sel_bg, sel_fg):
self._font = tkFont.Font()
self._canvas = tk.Canvas(self.tree,
background=sel_bg,
borderwidth=0,
highlightthickness=0)
self._canvas.text = self._canvas.create_text(0, 0,
fill=sel_fg,
anchor='w')
def selectItem(self, event):
# Remove Canvas overlay from GUI
self._canvas.place_forget()
# Local Parameters
x, y, widget = event.x, event.y, event.widget
item = widget.item(widget.focus())
itemText = item['text']
itemValues = item['values']
iid = widget.identify_row(y)
column = event.widget.identify_column(x)
print ('
&&&&&&&& def selectItem(self, event):')
print ('item = ', item)
print ('itemText = ', itemText)
print('itemValues = ',itemValues)
print ('iid = ', iid)
print ('column = ', column)
#Leave method if mouse pointer clicks on Treeview area without data
if not column or not iid:
return
#Leave method if selected item's value is empty
if not len(itemValues):
return
#Get value of selected Treeview cell
if column == '#0':
self.cell_value = itemText
else:
self.cell_value = itemValues[int(column[1]) - 1]
print('column[1] = ',column[1])
print('self.cell_value = ',self.cell_value)
#Leave method if selected Treeview cell is empty
if not self.cell_value: # date is empty
return
#Get the bounding box of selected cell, a tuple (x, y, w, h), where
# x, y are coordinates of the upper left corner of that cell relative
# to the widget, and
# w, h are width and height of the cell in pixels.
# If the item is not visible, the method returns an empty string.
bbox = widget.bbox(iid, column)
print('bbox = ', bbox)
if not bbox: # item is not visible
return
# Update and show selection in Canvas Overlay
self.show_selection(widget, bbox, column)
print('Selected Cell Value = ', self.cell_value)
def show_selection(self, parent, bbox, column):
"""Configure canvas and canvas-textbox for a new selection."""
print('@@@@ def show_selection(self, parent, bbox, column):')
x, y, width, height = bbox
fudgeTreeColumnx = 19 #Determined by trial & error
fudgeColumnx = 15 #Determined by trial & error
# Number of pixels of cell value in horizontal direction
textw = self._font.measure(self.cell_value)
print('textw = ',textw)
# Make Canvas size to fit selected cell
self._canvas.configure(width=width, height=height)
# Position canvas-textbox in Canvas
print('self._canvas.coords(self._canvas.text) = ',
self._canvas.coords(self._canvas.text))
if column == '#0':
self._canvas.coords(self._canvas.text,
fudgeTreeColumnx,
height/2)
else:
self._canvas.coords(self._canvas.text,
(width-(textw-fudgeColumnx))/2.0,
height/2)
# Update value of canvas-textbox with the value of the selected cell.
self._canvas.itemconfigure(self._canvas.text, text=self.cell_value)
# Overlay Canvas over Treeview cell
self._canvas.place(in_=parent, x=x, y=y)
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = tk.Tk()
app = App(window)
window.mainloop()
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