web.config 编译/组件元素有什么作用? [英] What does the web.config compilation/assemblies element do?

问题描述

我在处理一个新的 MVC 项目时遇到了一个问题，只要我将 Html.Partial("Name") 添加到我的 _Layout.cshtml 页面，ASP.NET 会在页面加载时抛出此异常:

I had a problem where, working on a new MVC project, as soon as I added Html.Partial("Name") to my _Layout.cshtml page, ASP.NET would throw this exception on page load:

错误 CS0012:定义了类型System.Object"不在引用的程序集中.添加对程序集System.Runtime，Version = 4.0.0.0，Culture = 中性，PublicKeyToken = b03f5f7f11d50a3a"的引用.

error CS0012: The type 'System.Object' is not in a referenced assembly is defined. Add a reference to the Assembly "System.Runtime, Version = 4.0.0.0, Culture = neutral, PublicKeyToken = b03f5f7f11d50a3a" added.

修复方法是将其添加到web.config，编译元素:

The fix is to add this to the web.config, compilation element:

  <assemblies>
    <add assembly="System.Runtime, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
  </assemblies>

我很想知道为什么这可以解决问题.

I'd love to know why this fixes the issue.

奇怪的是，我正在使用的新 MVC 应用程序加载了大量 WebForms ASPX 页面，这些页面非常有用.我已经将大量遗留的 WebForms 内容复制到这个新的 MVC 项目中，大量代码，一切正常，并且没有 Html.Partial 调用，甚至我的 MVC 视图呈现.

What's odd is that the new MVC app I'm using has a load of WebForms ASPX pages that work a treat. I've copied a ton of legacy WebForms stuff into this new MVC project, acres of code, and everything works, and without the Html.Partial call, even my MVC view renders.

那么地球到底发生了什么?这个配置有什么作用，为什么普通的项目引用和目标框架设置不够?

So what on Earth is going on? What does this config do and why aren't the normal project references and target framework settings enough?

推荐答案

这是由 ASP.NET/MVC 项目的构建时间和运行时环境之间的脱节和限制引起的.Web 项目中的大多数代码是在构建时(即 F5)编译的，但在运行时(即在运行时动态构建的视图(Razor 和内联 ASPX 代码)除外IIS).

This is caused by a disconnect and limitation between the build time and the runtime environments of an ASP.NET/MVC project. Most code in a Web project is compiled at build time (ie F5) with exception to views (both Razor and inline ASPX code) which are built dynamically at runtime (ie within IIS).

在大多数情况下，我们试图使这两个环境完全相同，您通常不会注意到任何差异.很遗憾.您遇到了其中一种存在差异的情况，并且您需要手动添加引用以使运行时模拟构建时间.

For the most part, we attempt to make these two environments exactly the same and you will not typically notice any difference. Unfortunately. you've run into one of those cases where there is a difference and you've needed to manually add a reference to make the runtime mimic build-time.

发生的情况是，您可能依赖于可移植库(猜测是Microsoft.Net.Http).可移植库与普通库略有不同，我们需要额外的引用来让编译器满意.在构建时，我们检测对可移植库的依赖，并自动将所有引用添加到 C:Program Files (x86)Reference AssembliesMicrosoftFramework.NETFrameworkv4.5Facades.不幸的是，运行时不会这样做，您需要手动添加这些引用，直到我们在未来版本中修复此问题.

What's happening, is that you likely have a dependency on a portable library (at a guess, Microsoft.Net.Http). Portable Libraries are a little different to normal libraries, and we need extra references to make the compiler happy. At build-time we detect a dependency on a portable library and automatically add all the references to C:Program Files (x86)Reference AssembliesMicrosoftFramework.NETFrameworkv4.5Facades. Unfortunately, the runtime doesn't do this and you need to manually add these references until we fix this in a future release.

为了将来参考，您可以抓取以下部分并将其直接粘贴到 Web.Config 中(这代表 4.5 的快照):

For future reference, you can just grab the following section and paste this directly into Web.Config (this represents the snapshot for 4.5):

 <compilation>
      <assemblies>
        <add assembly="System.Collections, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ComponentModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ComponentModel.Annotations, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ComponentModel.EventBasedAsync, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Diagnostics.Contracts, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Diagnostics.Debug, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Diagnostics.Tools, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Diagnostics.Tracing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Dynamic.Runtime, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Globalization, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.IO, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Linq, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Linq.Expressions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Linq.Parallel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Linq.Queryable, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Net.NetworkInformation, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Net.Primitives, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Net.Requests, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ObjectModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Reflection, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Reflection.Emit, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Reflection.Emit.ILGeneration, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Reflection.Emit.Lightweight, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Reflection.Extensions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Reflection.Primitives, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Resources.ResourceManager, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.Extensions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.InteropServices, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.Numerics, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.Serialization.Json, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Runtime.Serialization.Xml, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Security.Principal, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ServiceModel.Duplex, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ServiceModel.Http, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ServiceModel.NetTcp, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ServiceModel.Primitives, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.ServiceModel.Security, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Text.Encoding, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Text.Encoding.Extensions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Text.RegularExpressions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Threading, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Threading.Tasks, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Threading.Tasks.Parallel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Xml.ReaderWriter, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Xml.XDocument, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
        <add assembly="System.Xml.XmlSerializer, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
      </assemblies>
    </compilation>

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