将 g++ 4.8 链接到 libstdc++ [英] Linking g++ 4.8 to libstdc++

问题描述

我在桌面上下载并构建了 gcc 4.8.1，运行 64 位 Ubuntu 12.04.我用源代码构建它，就像文档推荐的那样，并使用命令

I downloaded and built gcc 4.8.1 on my desktop, running 64-bit Ubuntu 12.04. I built it out of source, like the docs recommend, and with the commands

../../gcc-4.8.1/configure --prefix=$HOME --program-suffix=-4.8
make
make -k check
make install

它似乎通过了所有测试，我将所有内容都安装到我的主目录中，后缀为 -4.8，以区别于系统 gcc，即版本 4.6.3.

It seemed to pass all the tests, and I installed everything into my home directory w/ the suffix -4.8 to distinguish from the system gcc, which is version 4.6.3.

不幸的是，当我使用 g++-4.8 编译 c++ 程序时，它链接到系统 libc 和 libstdc++，而不是从 gcc-4.8.1 编译的较新的程序.我下载并构建了 gcc 4.8，因为我想在标准库中使用新的 C++11 特性，所以这种行为绝对不是我想要的.我该怎么做才能让 gcc-4.8 自动链接到它附带的标准库而不是系统标准库?

Unfortunately when I compile c++ programs using g++-4.8 it links to the system libc and libstdc++ rather than the newer ones compiled from gcc-4.8.1. I downloaded and built gcc 4.8 because I wanted to play around with the new C++11 features in the standard library, so this behaviour is definitely not what I wanted. What can I do to get gcc-4.8 to automatically link to the standard libraries that came with it rather than the system standard libraries?

推荐答案

当你用你自己的 gcc 链接时，你需要用 -Wl,-rpath,$ 添加一个额外的运行时链接器搜索路径(PREFIX)/lib64 以便在运行时找到与您的 gcc 对应的共享库.

When you link with your own gcc you need to add an extra run-time linker search path(s) with -Wl,-rpath,$(PREFIX)/lib64 so that at run-time it finds the shared libraries corresponding to your gcc.

我通常在与 gcc-4.8 和 g++-4.8 相同的目录中创建一个名为 gcc 和 g++ 的包装器我调用的代码>而不是 gcc-4.8 和 g++-4.8，如 动态链接器无法找到 GCC 库:

I normally create a wrapper named gcc and g++ in the same directory as gcc-4.8 and g++-4.8 which I invoke instead of gcc-4.8 and g++-4.8, as prescribed in Dynamic linker is unable to find GCC libraries:

#!/bin/bash
exec ${0}SUFFIX -Wl,-rpath,PREFIX/lib64 "$@"

安装SUFFIX 和PREFIX 时应替换为传递给configure 的内容:

When installing SUFFIX and PREFIX should be replaced with what was passed to configure:

cd ${PREFIX}/bin && rm -f gcc g++ c++ gfortran
sed -e 's#PREFIX#${PREFIX}#g' -e 's#SUFFIX#${SUFFIX}#g' gcc-wrapper.sh > ${PREFIX}/bin/gcc
chmod +x ${PREFIX}/bin/gcc
cd ${PREFIX}/bin && ln gcc g++ && ln gcc c++ && ln gcc gfortran

(gcc-wrapper.sh 是那个 bash 片段).

(gcc-wrapper.sh is that bash snippet).

上述解决方案不适用于某些版本的 libtool，因为 g++ -Wl,... -v 假定链接模式并失败并出现错误.

The above solution does not work with some versions of libtool because g++ -Wl,... -v assumes linking mode and fails with an error.

更好的解决方案是使用规范文件.构建 gcc/g++ 后，调用以下命令使 gcc/g++ 添加 -rpath 到链接器命令行(根据需要替换 ${PREFIX}/lib64):

A better solution is to use specs file. Once gcc/g++ is built, invoke the following command to make gcc/g++ add -rpath to the linker command line (replace ${PREFIX}/lib64 as necessary):

g++ -dumpspecs | awk '/^*link:/ { print; getline; print "-rpath=${PREFIX}/lib64", $0; next } { print }' > $(dirname $(g++ -print-libgcc-file-name))/specs

这篇关于将 g++ 4.8 链接到 libstdc++的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！