JavaFX 中的图形可视化(如 yFiles) [英] Graph Visualisation (like yFiles) in JavaFX
问题描述
类似于 Graphviz，但更具体地说，是 yFiles.
Something like Graphviz but more specifically, yFiles.
我想要一个节点/边类型的图形可视化.
I want a node/edge type of graph visualization.
我正在考虑将节点设为 Circle，将边设为 Line.问题是在节点/边缘出现的区域使用什么.我应该使用 ScrollPane、常规 Pane、Canvas 等...
I was thinking about making the node a Circle and the edge a Line. The problem is what to use for the area where the nodes/edges appear. Should I use a ScrollPane, a regular Pane, a Canvas, etc...
我将添加滚动功能、缩放、选择节点和拖动节点.
I will add scrolling functionality, zooming, selecting nodes & dragging nodes.
感谢您的帮助.
推荐答案
我有 2 个小时要消磨时间，所以我想试一试.事实证明，想出一个原型很容易.
I had 2 hours to kill, so I thought I'd give it a shot. Turns out that it's easy to come up with a prototype.
这是您需要的:
- 使用您创建的图形库的主类
- 带有数据模型的图表
- 轻松添加和删除节点和边(事实证明，最好为节点单元命名，以避免在编程过程中与 JavaFX 节点混淆)
- a 可缩放滚动窗格
- 图形的布局算法
关于 SO 的要求真的太多了，所以我只添加带有一些注释的代码.
It's really too much to be asked on SO, so I'll just add the code with a few comments.
应用程序实例化图形，添加单元格并通过边连接它们.
The application instantiates the graph, adds cells and connects them via edges.
应用程序/Main.java
application/Main.java
package application;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import com.fxgraph.graph.CellType;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Graph;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Model;
import com.fxgraph.layout.base.Layout;
import com.fxgraph.layout.random.RandomLayout;
public class Main extends Application {
Graph graph = new Graph();
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
graph = new Graph();
root.setCenter(graph.getScrollPane());
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 1024, 768);
scene.getStylesheets().add(getClass().getResource("application.css").toExternalForm());
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
addGraphComponents();
Layout layout = new RandomLayout(graph);
layout.execute();
}
private void addGraphComponents() {
Model model = graph.getModel();
graph.beginUpdate();
model.addCell("Cell A", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell B", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell C", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell D", CellType.TRIANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell E", CellType.TRIANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell F", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell G", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addEdge("Cell A", "Cell B");
model.addEdge("Cell A", "Cell C");
model.addEdge("Cell B", "Cell C");
model.addEdge("Cell C", "Cell D");
model.addEdge("Cell B", "Cell E");
model.addEdge("Cell D", "Cell F");
model.addEdge("Cell D", "Cell G");
graph.endUpdate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
滚动窗格应具有白色背景.
The scrollpane should have a white background.
application/application.css
application/application.css
.scroll-pane > .viewport {
-fx-background-color: white;
}
可缩放滚动窗格，我从像素公爵那里得到了代码库:
The zoomable scrollpane, I got the code base from pixel duke:
ZoomableScrollPane.java
ZoomableScrollPane.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.input.ScrollEvent;
import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
public class ZoomableScrollPane extends ScrollPane {
Group zoomGroup;
Scale scaleTransform;
Node content;
double scaleValue = 1.0;
double delta = 0.1;
public ZoomableScrollPane(Node content) {
this.content = content;
Group contentGroup = new Group();
zoomGroup = new Group();
contentGroup.getChildren().add(zoomGroup);
zoomGroup.getChildren().add(content);
setContent(contentGroup);
scaleTransform = new Scale(scaleValue, scaleValue, 0, 0);
zoomGroup.getTransforms().add(scaleTransform);
zoomGroup.setOnScroll(new ZoomHandler());
}
public double getScaleValue() {
return scaleValue;
}
public void zoomToActual() {
zoomTo(1.0);
}
public void zoomTo(double scaleValue) {
this.scaleValue = scaleValue;
scaleTransform.setX(scaleValue);
scaleTransform.setY(scaleValue);
}
public void zoomActual() {
scaleValue = 1;
zoomTo(scaleValue);
}
public void zoomOut() {
scaleValue -= delta;
if (Double.compare(scaleValue, 0.1) < 0) {
scaleValue = 0.1;
}
zoomTo(scaleValue);
}
public void zoomIn() {
scaleValue += delta;
if (Double.compare(scaleValue, 10) > 0) {
scaleValue = 10;
}
zoomTo(scaleValue);
}
/**
*
* @param minimizeOnly
* If the content fits already into the viewport, then we don't
* zoom if this parameter is true.
*/
public void zoomToFit(boolean minimizeOnly) {
double scaleX = getViewportBounds().getWidth() / getContent().getBoundsInLocal().getWidth();
double scaleY = getViewportBounds().getHeight() / getContent().getBoundsInLocal().getHeight();
// consider current scale (in content calculation)
scaleX *= scaleValue;
scaleY *= scaleValue;
// distorted zoom: we don't want it => we search the minimum scale
// factor and apply it
double scale = Math.min(scaleX, scaleY);
// check precondition
if (minimizeOnly) {
// check if zoom factor would be an enlargement and if so, just set
// it to 1
if (Double.compare(scale, 1) > 0) {
scale = 1;
}
}
// apply zoom
zoomTo(scale);
}
private class ZoomHandler implements EventHandler<ScrollEvent> {
@Override
public void handle(ScrollEvent scrollEvent) {
// if (scrollEvent.isControlDown())
{
if (scrollEvent.getDeltaY() < 0) {
scaleValue -= delta;
} else {
scaleValue += delta;
}
zoomTo(scaleValue);
scrollEvent.consume();
}
}
}
}
每个单元格都表示为窗格，您可以将任何节点作为视图(矩形、标签、图像视图等)放入其中
Every cell is represented as Pane into which you can put any Node as view (rectangle, label, imageview, etc)
Cell.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
public class Cell extends Pane {
String cellId;
List<Cell> children = new ArrayList<>();
List<Cell> parents = new ArrayList<>();
Node view;
public Cell(String cellId) {
this.cellId = cellId;
}
public void addCellChild(Cell cell) {
children.add(cell);
}
public List<Cell> getCellChildren() {
return children;
}
public void addCellParent(Cell cell) {
parents.add(cell);
}
public List<Cell> getCellParents() {
return parents;
}
public void removeCellChild(Cell cell) {
children.remove(cell);
}
public void setView(Node view) {
this.view = view;
getChildren().add(view);
}
public Node getView() {
return this.view;
}
public String getCellId() {
return cellId;
}
}
单元格应该通过某种工厂创建，因此它们按类型分类:
The cells should be created via some kind of factory, so they are classified by type:
CellType.java
CellType.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
public enum CellType {
RECTANGLE,
TRIANGLE
;
}
实例化它们很容易:
RectangleCell.java
RectangleCell.java
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class RectangleCell extends Cell {
public RectangleCell( String id) {
super( id);
Rectangle view = new Rectangle( 50,50);
view.setStroke(Color.DODGERBLUE);
view.setFill(Color.DODGERBLUE);
setView( view);
}
}
TriangleCell.java
TriangleCell.java
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Polygon;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class TriangleCell extends Cell {
public TriangleCell( String id) {
super( id);
double width = 50;
double height = 50;
Polygon view = new Polygon( width / 2, 0, width, height, 0, height);
view.setStroke(Color.RED);
view.setFill(Color.RED);
setView( view);
}
}
当然你需要边缘.您可以使用任何您喜欢的连接，甚至是三次曲线.为简单起见，我使用一行:
Then of course you need the edges. You can use any connection you like, even cubic curves. For sake of simplicity I use a line:
Edge.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
public class Edge extends Group {
protected Cell source;
protected Cell target;
Line line;
public Edge(Cell source, Cell target) {
this.source = source;
this.target = target;
source.addCellChild(target);
target.addCellParent(source);
line = new Line();
line.startXProperty().bind( source.layoutXProperty().add(source.getBoundsInParent().getWidth() / 2.0));
line.startYProperty().bind( source.layoutYProperty().add(source.getBoundsInParent().getHeight() / 2.0));
line.endXProperty().bind( target.layoutXProperty().add( target.getBoundsInParent().getWidth() / 2.0));
line.endYProperty().bind( target.layoutYProperty().add( target.getBoundsInParent().getHeight() / 2.0));
getChildren().add( line);
}
public Cell getSource() {
return source;
}
public Cell getTarget() {
return target;
}
}
对此的扩展是将边缘绑定到单元的端口(北/南/东/西).
An extension to this would be to bind the edge to ports (north/south/east/west) of the cells.
然后您想拖动节点，因此您必须添加一些鼠标手势.重要的部分是在图形画布缩放的情况下考虑缩放因子
Then you'd want to drag the nodes, so you'd have to add some mouse gestures. The important part is to consider a zoom factor in case the graph canvas is zoomed
MouseGestures.java
MouseGestures.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
public class MouseGestures {
final DragContext dragContext = new DragContext();
Graph graph;
public MouseGestures( Graph graph) {
this.graph = graph;
}
public void makeDraggable( final Node node) {
node.setOnMousePressed(onMousePressedEventHandler);
node.setOnMouseDragged(onMouseDraggedEventHandler);
node.setOnMouseReleased(onMouseReleasedEventHandler);
}
EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMousePressedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event) {
Node node = (Node) event.getSource();
double scale = graph.getScale();
dragContext.x = node.getBoundsInParent().getMinX() * scale - event.getScreenX();
dragContext.y = node.getBoundsInParent().getMinY() * scale - event.getScreenY();
}
};
EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMouseDraggedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event) {
Node node = (Node) event.getSource();
double offsetX = event.getScreenX() + dragContext.x;
double offsetY = event.getScreenY() + dragContext.y;
// adjust the offset in case we are zoomed
double scale = graph.getScale();
offsetX /= scale;
offsetY /= scale;
node.relocate(offsetX, offsetY);
}
};
EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMouseReleasedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event) {
}
};
class DragContext {
double x;
double y;
}
}
然后您需要一个模型来存储单元格和边缘.任何时候都可以添加新单元格和删除现有单元格.您需要将它们与现有的区别进行处理(例如，添加鼠标手势，在添加它们时为它们设置动画等).当您实现布局算法时，您将面临根节点的确定.所以你应该创建一个不可见的根节点 (graphParent)，它不会被添加到图本身，但所有节点都开始没有父节点.
Then you need a model in which you store the cells and the edges. Any time new cells can be added and existing ones can be deleted. You need to process them distinguished from the existing ones (e. g. to add mouse gestures, animate them when you add them, etc). When you implement the layout algorithm you'll be faced with the determination of a root node. So you should make an invisible root node (graphParent) which won't be added to the graph itself, but at which all nodes start that don't have a parent.
模型.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fxgraph.cells.TriangleCell;
import com.fxgraph.cells.RectangleCell;
public class Model {
Cell graphParent;
List<Cell> allCells;
List<Cell> addedCells;
List<Cell> removedCells;
List<Edge> allEdges;
List<Edge> addedEdges;
List<Edge> removedEdges;
Map<String,Cell> cellMap; // <id,cell>
public Model() {
graphParent = new Cell( "_ROOT_");
// clear model, create lists
clear();
}
public void clear() {
allCells = new ArrayList<>();
addedCells = new ArrayList<>();
removedCells = new ArrayList<>();
allEdges = new ArrayList<>();
addedEdges = new ArrayList<>();
removedEdges = new ArrayList<>();
cellMap = new HashMap<>(); // <id,cell>
}
public void clearAddedLists() {
addedCells.clear();
addedEdges.clear();
}
public List<Cell> getAddedCells() {
return addedCells;
}
public List<Cell> getRemovedCells() {
return removedCells;
}
public List<Cell> getAllCells() {
return allCells;
}
public List<Edge> getAddedEdges() {
return addedEdges;
}
public List<Edge> getRemovedEdges() {
return removedEdges;
}
public List<Edge> getAllEdges() {
return allEdges;
}
public void addCell(String id, CellType type) {
switch (type) {
case RECTANGLE:
RectangleCell rectangleCell = new RectangleCell(id);
addCell(rectangleCell);
break;
case TRIANGLE:
TriangleCell circleCell = new TriangleCell(id);
addCell(circleCell);
break;
default:
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + type);
}
}
private void addCell( Cell cell) {
addedCells.add(cell);
cellMap.put( cell.getCellId(), cell);
}
public void addEdge( String sourceId, String targetId) {
Cell sourceCell = cellMap.get( sourceId);
Cell targetCell = cellMap.get( targetId);
Edge edge = new Edge( sourceCell, targetCell);
addedEdges.add( edge);
}
/**
* Attach all cells which don't have a parent to graphParent
* @param cellList
*/
public void attachOrphansToGraphParent( List<Cell> cellList) {
for( Cell cell: cellList) {
if( cell.getCellParents().size() == 0) {
graphParent.addCellChild( cell);
}
}
}
/**
* Remove the graphParent reference if it is set
* @param cellList
*/
public void disconnectFromGraphParent( List<Cell> cellList) {
for( Cell cell: cellList) {
graphParent.removeCellChild( cell);
}
}
public void merge() {
// cells
allCells.addAll( addedCells);
allCells.removeAll( removedCells);
addedCells.clear();
removedCells.clear();
// edges
allEdges.addAll( addedEdges);
allEdges.removeAll( removedEdges);
addedEdges.clear();
removedEdges.clear();
}
}
然后是图表本身，其中包含可缩放的滚动窗格、模型等.在图表中，处理添加和删除的节点(鼠标手势、添加到滚动窗格的单元格和边缘等).
And then there's the graph itself which contains the zoomable scrollpane, the model, etc. In the graph the added and removed nodes are handled (mouse gestures, cells and edges added to the scrollpane, etc).
Graph.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
public class Graph {
private Model model;
private Group canvas;
private ZoomableScrollPane scrollPane;
MouseGestures mouseGestures;
/**
* the pane wrapper is necessary or else the scrollpane would always align
* the top-most and left-most child to the top and left eg when you drag the
* top child down, the entire scrollpane would move down
*/
CellLayer cellLayer;
public Graph() {
this.model = new Model();
canvas = new Group();
cellLayer = new CellLayer();
canvas.getChildren().add(cellLayer);
mouseGestures = new MouseGestures(this);
scrollPane = new ZoomableScrollPane(canvas);
scrollPane.setFitToWidth(true);
scrollPane.setFitToHeight(true);
}
public ScrollPane getScrollPane() {
return this.scrollPane;
}
public Pane getCellLayer() {
return this.cellLayer;
}
public Model getModel() {
return model;
}
public void beginUpdate() {
}
public void endUpdate() {
// add components to graph pane
getCellLayer().getChildren().addAll(model.getAddedEdges());
getCellLayer().getChildren().addAll(model.getAddedCells());
// remove components from graph pane
getCellLayer().getChildren().removeAll(model.getRemovedCells());
getCellLayer().getChildren().removeAll(model.getRemovedEdges());
// enable dragging of cells
for (Cell cell : model.getAddedCells()) {
mouseGestures.makeDraggable(cell);
}
// every cell must have a parent, if it doesn't, then the graphParent is
// the parent
getModel().attachOrphansToGraphParent(model.getAddedCells());
// remove reference to graphParent
getModel().disconnectFromGraphParent(model.getRemovedCells());
// merge added & removed cells with all cells
getModel().merge();
}
public double getScale() {
return this.scrollPane.getScaleValue();
}
}
细胞层的包装器.您可能想要添加多个图层(例如突出显示所选单元格的选择图层)
A wrapper for the cell layer. You'll probably want to add multiple layers (e. g. a selection layer which highlights selected cells)
CellLayer.java
CellLayer.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
public class CellLayer extends Pane {
}
现在您需要单元格的布局.我建议创建一个简单的抽象类，它会在您开发图形时得到扩展.
Now you need a layout for the cells. I suggest to create a simple abstract class which will get extended as you develop the graph.
package com.fxgraph.layout.base;
public abstract class Layout {
public abstract void execute();
}
为了简单起见，这里有一个简单的布局算法，其中使用了随机坐标.当然，您必须做更复杂的事情，例如树状布局等.
For sake of simplicity here's a simple layout algorithm in which random coordinates are used. Of course you'd have to do more complex stuff like tree layouts, etc.
RandomLayout.java
RandomLayout.java
package com.fxgraph.layout.random;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Graph;
import com.fxgraph.layout.base.Layout;
public class RandomLayout extends Layout {
Graph graph;
Random rnd = new Random();
public RandomLayout(Graph graph) {
this.graph = graph;
}
public void execute() {
List<Cell> cells = graph.getModel().getAllCells();
for (Cell cell : cells) {
double x = rnd.nextDouble() * 500;
double y = rnd.nextDouble() * 500;
cell.relocate(x, y);
}
}
}
示例如下所示:
您可以使用鼠标按钮拖动单元格并使用鼠标滚轮放大和缩小.
You can drag the cells with the mouse button and zoom in and out with the mouse wheel.
添加新的单元格类型就像创建单元格的子类一样简单:
Adding new cell types is as easy as creating subclasses of Cell:
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class ButtonCell extends Cell {
public ButtonCell(String id) {
super(id);
Button view = new Button(id);
setView(view);
}
}
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class ImageCell extends Cell {
public ImageCell(String id) {
super(id);
ImageView view = new ImageView("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg/800px-Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg");
view.setFitWidth(100);
view.setFitHeight(80);
setView(view);
}
}
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class LabelCell extends Cell {
public LabelCell(String id) {
super(id);
Label view = new Label(id);
setView(view);
}
}
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.control.TitledPane;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class TitledPaneCell extends Cell {
public TitledPaneCell(String id) {
super(id);
TitledPane view = new TitledPane();
view.setPrefSize(100, 80);
setView(view);
}
}
并创建类型
package com.fxgraph.graph;
public enum CellType {
RECTANGLE,
TRIANGLE,
LABEL,
IMAGE,
BUTTON,
TITLEDPANE
;
}
并根据类型创建实例:
...
public void addCell(String id, CellType type) {
switch (type) {
case RECTANGLE:
RectangleCell rectangleCell = new RectangleCell(id);
addCell(rectangleCell);
break;
case TRIANGLE:
TriangleCell circleCell = new TriangleCell(id);
addCell(circleCell);
break;
case LABEL:
LabelCell labelCell = new LabelCell(id);
addCell(labelCell);
break;
case IMAGE:
ImageCell imageCell = new ImageCell(id);
addCell(imageCell);
break;
case BUTTON:
ButtonCell buttonCell = new ButtonCell(id);
addCell(buttonCell);
break;
case TITLEDPANE:
TitledPaneCell titledPaneCell = new TitledPaneCell(id);
addCell(titledPaneCell);
break;
default:
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + type);
}
}
...
你会得到这个
这篇关于JavaFX 中的图形可视化(如 yFiles)的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
