java.lang.IllegalStateException:找不到工厂 javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory 的备份 [英] java.lang.IllegalStateException : Could not find backup for factory javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory

问题描述

我创建了我的 hello world JSF 项目，但是当我部署到 Tomcat 7 时，出现此异常:

I created my hello world JSF project, but when I deploy to Tomcat 7, I get this exception:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not find backup for factory javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory. 
    at javax.faces.FactoryFinder$FactoryManager.getFactory(FactoryFinder.java:1135)
    at javax.faces.FactoryFinder.getFactory(FactoryFinder.java:379)
    at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.init(FacesServlet.java:350)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:864)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:134)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

我已将这些 JAR 添加到我的项目中:

I have added those JARs to my project:

• jstl-1.2.jar
• javax.faces-api-2.2.jar

这是怎么引起的，我该如何解决?

How is this caused and how can I solve it?

推荐答案

IllegalStateException: 找不到工厂 javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory 的备份

IllegalStateException: Could not find backup for factory javax.faces.context.FacesContextFactory

如果将备份"替换为备份"，则此异常更容易理解.通过实施".它最终归结为我找到了 JSF API，但在与我找到 JSF API 的位置相同的类路径上下文中没有任何 JSF 实现".换句话说，您在运行时类路径中的某处有一个 JSF API，它没有附带任何 JSF 实现.例如.有一个 jsf-api.jar 甚至 javaee.jar 没有任何 jsf-impl.jar 或 javax.faces.jar 在同一类路径上下文中.请注意，Web 应用程序可以有多个类路径上下文.根据类加载规则，JSF impl 必须与第一次遇到的 JSF API 出现在完全相同的位置，并且您需要绝对确保没有重复和/或冲突的版本.

This exception is easier to understand if you replace "backup" by "implementation". It ultimately boils down to "I found the JSF API, but nowhere a JSF impl in the same classpath context as where I found the JSF API". In other words, you've a JSF API somewhere in runtime classpath which isn't accompanied with any JSF impl. E.g. having a jsf-api.jar or even javaee.jar without any jsf-impl.jar or javax.faces.jar in the same classpath context. Note that a web application can have multiple classpath contexts. The JSF impl has to be present in exactly the same location as the first encountered JSF API according to the classloading rules, and you need to make absolutely sure that there are no duplicate and/or conflicting versions.

在您的具体情况下，

我已经将这个 jars 添加到我的项目中:jstl-1.2.jar 和 javax.faces-api-2.2.jar

单独使用 javax.faces-api-2.2.jar 是不对的.有两个问题:

The javax.faces-api-2.2.jar alone is not right. There are 2 problems:

• 这就是蓝图"；API JAR，用于 JSF 实现者，例如 Mojarra 和 我的面孔.
• 您忘记了 JSF 实现 JAR.

如果您想使用 Mojarra，请按照其 自述.在您的特定情况下，摆脱那个 javax.faces-api-2.2.jar 并放置最新的 javax.faces-2.xxjar 在 /WEB-INF/lib 或 中>pom.xml 并且这个异常应该消失.

Provided that you'd like to use Mojarra, follow the installation instructions in its README. In your specific case, get rid of that javax.faces-api-2.2.jar and put the latest javax.faces-2.x.x.jar in /WEB-INF/lib or pom.xml and this exception should disappear.

• 如何正确安装和配置 JSF 库通过 Maven?

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