如何检查 iPython 中对象的内存使用情况? [英] How can I check the memory usage of objects in iPython?
问题描述
我正在使用 iPython 来运行我的代码.我想知道是否有任何模块或命令可以让我检查对象的内存使用情况.例如:
I am using iPython to run my code. I wonder if there is any module or command which would allow me to check the memory usage of an object. For instance:
In [1]: a = range(10000)
In [2]: %memusage a
Out[2]: 1MB
类似于 %memusage 的东西，并返回对象使用的内存.
Something like %memusage <object> and return the memory used by the object.
重复
推荐答案
不幸的是，这是不可能的，但有多种方法可以近似答案:
Unfortunately this is not possible, but there are a number of ways of approximating the answer:
对于或多或少表示为简单 C 语言类型的非常简单的对象(例如整数、字符串、浮点数、双精度数)，您可以像 John Mulder 的解决方案.
对于更复杂的对象，一个很好的近似方法是使用 cPickle.dumps 将对象序列化为字符串.字符串的长度是存储对象所需内存量的一个很好的近似值.
For more complex objects a good approximation is to serialize the object to a string using cPickle.dumps. The length of the string is a good approximation of the amount of memory required to store an object.
解决方案 2 有一个很大的障碍，即对象通常包含对其他对象的引用.例如，字典包含字符串键和其他对象作为值.那些其他对象可能是共享的.由于pickle 总是尝试对对象进行完整的序列化，因此它总是会高估存储对象所需的内存量.
There is one big snag with solution 2, which is that objects usually contain references to other objects. For example a dict contains string-keys and other objects as values. Those other objects might be shared. Since pickle always tries to do a complete serialization of the object it will always over-estimate the amount of memory required to store an object.
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