重构遗留的基于 mixin 的类层次结构 [英] Refactoring legacy mixin-based class hierarchies

问题描述

我目前正在开发一个巨大的 javascript 项目，该项目具有巨大的类层次结构，并且大量使用 mixin 来扩展基类的功能.这是 mixin 的示例，我们使用 compose library 来创建类对象:

I'm currently working on a huge javascript project which has a huge class hierarchy and heavily uses mixins to extend functionality of base classes. Here is an example of how mixin looks like, we're using compose library to create class-like objects:

// Base.js
var Base = compose({
  setX: function (x) {
    this.x = x;
  },

  setY: function (y) {
    this.y = y;
  },

  setPosition: function (x, y) {
    this.setX(x);
    this.setY(y);
  }
})

// SameXAndY.js - mixin
var SameXAndY = compose({
  // Executes after setX in Base.js
  setX: compose.after(function (x) {
    this.y = x;
  }),

  // Executes after setY in Base.js
  setY: compose.after(function (y) {
    this.x = y;
  }),

  // Overrides setPosition in Base.js
  setPosition: compose.around(function (base) {
    return function (x, y) {
      if (x !== y) {
        throw 'x !== y';
      }
      return base.call(this, x, y);
    }
  })
})

此解决方案存在以下问题:

We have the following problems with this solution:

• Mixin 严重依赖于彼此 - 您可以通过更改基类中 Mixin 的顺序来破坏某些内容.
• 没有简单的方法可以确保您可以安全地在类中包含一些 mixin，您可能需要实现其他方法/在其中包含其他 mixin.
• 由于各种混合，子类有数百个方法.
• 在 Flow 或 Typescript 中重写 mixin 几乎是不可能的.

我正在寻找更好的类似插件的替代方案，它允许逐步重构具有以下要求的所有现有 mixin:

I'm looking for better plugin-like alternatives which allow to gradually refactor all existing mixins with the following requirements:

• 能够明确描述所有依赖项(即以某种方式描述 PluginA 需要 PluginB 和 PluginC).
• 插件不应使用其方法污染目标类.
• 他们应该能够以某种方式拦截基类逻辑(就像在 SameXAndY 中一样).
• 插件应该是普通的 js 类.

• Ability to explicitly describe all dependencies (i.e. somehow describe that PluginA requires PluginB and PluginC).
• Plugin should not pollute target class with its methods.
• They should be able to somehow intercept Base class logic (like in SameXAndY).
• Plugins should be plain js classes.

我知道我的问题没有简单"的答案，但我真的很想听听您对这个主题的想法.非常感谢设计模式名称、相关博文，甚至是源代码链接.

I understand that there is no "easy" answer to my question, but I would really love to hear your thought on this topic. Design pattern names, relevant blog posts, or even links to the source code will be greatly appreciated.

干杯，弗拉基米尔.

推荐答案

我确实重构了 OP 的示例，它满足了要求.如果我做错了什么，请告诉我.

I did refactor the OP's example, and it does what was ask for. Let me know if I got something wrong.

class BaseXYType {

  constructor(stateValue) { // injected state object.

    this.setX = function setX (x) {
      return (stateValue.x = x);
    };
    this.setY = function setY (y) {
      return (stateValue.y = y);
    };

    Object.defineProperty(this, "x", {
      get: function getX () {
        return stateValue.x;
      },
      enumerable: true
    });
    Object.defineProperty(this, "y", {
      get: function getY () {
        return stateValue.y;
      },
      enumerable: true
    });

    Object.defineProperty(this, 'valueOf', {
      value: function valueOf () {
        return Object.assign({}, stateValue);
      }
    });
    Object.defineProperty(this, 'toString', {
      value: function toString () {
        return JSON.stringify(stateValue);
      }
    });
  }

  setPosition(x, y) { // prototypal method.
    this.setX(x);
    this.setY(y);
    return this.valueOf();
  }
}


class SameXYType extends BaseXYType {

  // - Traits in JavaScript should be applicable types/objects that are
  //   just containers of trait and object composition rules which
  //   exclusively will be executed at a trait's apply time.

  constructor(stateValue) { // injected state object.
    super(stateValue);

    withSameInternalXAndYState.call(this, stateValue);
  }
}


var withSameInternalXAndYState = Trait.create(function (use, applicator) {

  // local functions in order to enable shared code, thus achieving less memory consumption.
  //
  function afterReturningStateChangeXHandler(returnValue, argsArray, payloadList) {
    var
      stateValue = payloadList[0];

    stateValue.y = argsArray[0];  // same y from x.
  }
  function afterReturningStateChangeYHandler(returnValue, argsArray, payloadList) {
    var
      stateValue = payloadList[0];

    stateValue.x = argsArray[0];  // same x from y.
  }
  function setPositionInterceptor(proceedSetPosition, interceptor, argsArray, payloadList) {
    var
      x = argsArray[0],
      y = argsArray[1];

    if (x !== y) {
      throw (new TypeError([x, "!==", y].join(" ")));
    }
    return proceedSetPosition.call(this, x, y);
  }

  applicator(function sameXAndYBehavior (stateValue) {

    // no additional trait specific behavior within the applicator

  }).requires([

      "setX",
      "setY",
      "setPosition"

  ]).afterReturning(

    "setX", afterReturningStateChangeXHandler

  ).afterReturning(

    "setY", afterReturningStateChangeYHandler

  ).around(

    "setPosition", setPositionInterceptor
  );
});


var
  base_1 = new BaseXYType({ x: 7, y: 11 }),
  base_2 = new BaseXYType({ x: 99, y: 1 }),

  same_1 = new SameXYType({ x: 13, y: 5 }),
  same_2 = new SameXYType({ x: 99, y: 1 });


console.log('("" + base_1) : ', ("" + base_1));
console.log('("" + base_2) : ', ("" + base_2));
console.log('("" + same_1) : ', ("" + same_1));
console.log('("" + same_2) : ', ("" + same_2));

console.log('base_1.valueOf() : ', base_1.valueOf());
console.log('base_2.valueOf() : ', base_2.valueOf());
console.log('same_1.valueOf() : ', same_1.valueOf());
console.log('same_2.valueOf() : ', same_2.valueOf());


console.log('base_1.x : ', base_1.x);
console.log('(base_1.x = "foo") : ', (base_1.x = "foo"));
console.log('base_1.x : ', base_1.x);

console.log('base_1.y : ', base_1.y);
console.log('(base_1.y = "bar") : ', (base_1.y = "bar"));
console.log('base_1.y : ', base_1.y);

console.log('same_2.x : ', same_2.x);
console.log('(same_2.x = "biz") : ', (same_2.x = "biz"));
console.log('same_2.x : ', same_2.x);

console.log('same_2.y : ', same_2.y);
console.log('(same_2.y = "baz") : ', (same_2.y = "baz"));
console.log('same_2.y : ', same_2.y);


console.log('base_1.setY("foo") : ', base_1.setY("foo"));
console.log('base_1.y : ', base_1.y);

console.log('base_2.setX("bar") : ', base_2.setX("bar"));
console.log('base_2.x : ', base_2.x);


console.log('base_1.setPosition("brown", "fox") : ', base_1.setPosition("brown", "fox"));
console.log('("" + base_1) : ', ("" + base_1));

console.log('base_2.setPosition("lazy", "dog") : ', base_2.setPosition("lazy", "dog"));
console.log('("" + base_2) : ', ("" + base_2));


console.log('same_1.setY(543) : ', same_1.setY(543));
console.log('same_1.x : ', same_1.x);
console.log('same_1.y : ', same_1.y);
console.log('same_1.valueOf() : ', same_1.valueOf());

console.log('same_2.setY(79) : ', same_2.setY(79));
console.log('same_2.x : ', same_2.x);
console.log('same_2.y : ', same_2.y);
console.log('same_2.valueOf() : ', same_2.valueOf());


console.log('same_1.setPosition(77, 77) : ', same_1.setPosition(77, 77));
console.log('("" + same_1) : ', ("" + same_1));

console.log('same_2.setPosition(42, 42") : ', same_2.setPosition(42, 42));
console.log('("" + same_2) : ', ("" + same_2));


console.log('same_1.setPosition("apple", "pear") : ', same_1.setPosition("apple", "pear"));
console.log('("" + same_1) : ', ("" + same_1));

console.log('same_1.setPosition("apple", "pear") : ', same_1.setPosition("prune", "prune"));
console.log('("" + same_1) : ', ("" + same_1));

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