给一些命令在 MVVM 中查看 [英] Give some command to View in MVVM
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问题描述
让我们假设我有一些用户控制.用户控件有一些子窗口.并且用户控制用户想要关闭某种类型的子窗口.用户控制代码后面有一个方法:
Let's imagine I have some user control. The user control has some child windows. And user control user wants to close child windows of some type. There is a method in user control code behind:
public void CloseChildWindows(ChildWindowType type)
{
...
}
但我无法调用此方法，因为我无法直接访问视图.
But I can't call this method as I don't have direct access to the view.
我想到的另一个解决方案是以某种方式将用户控件 ViewModel 作为其属性之一公开(这样我就可以绑定它并直接向 ViewModel 发出命令).但我不希望用户控件用户对用户控件 ViewModel 一无所知.
Another solution I think about is to somehow expose user control ViewModel as one of its properties (so I can bind it and give command directly to ViewModel). But I don't want user control users to know anything about user control ViewModel.
那么解决这个问题的正确方法是什么?
So what is the right way to solve this problem?
推荐答案
我觉得我刚刚找到了一个相当不错的 MVVM 解决方案来解决这个问题.我编写了一个暴露类型属性 WindowType 和布尔属性 Open 的行为.DataBinding 允许 ViewModel 轻松打开和关闭窗口，而无需了解有关 View 的任何信息.
I feel I just found a rather nice MVVM solution to this problem. I wrote a behavior that is exposing a type property WindowType and a boolean property Open. DataBinding the latter allows the ViewModel to open and close the windows easily, without knowing anything about the View.
必须爱行为... :)
Gotta love behaviors... :)
XML:
<UserControl x:Class="WpfApplication1.OpenCloseWindowDemo"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300">
<UserControl.DataContext>
<local:ViewModel />
</UserControl.DataContext>
<i:Interaction.Behaviors>
<!-- TwoWay binding is necessary, otherwise after user closed a window directly, it cannot be opened again -->
<local:OpenCloseWindowBehavior WindowType="local:BlackWindow" Open="{Binding BlackOpen, Mode=TwoWay}" />
<local:OpenCloseWindowBehavior WindowType="local:YellowWindow" Open="{Binding YellowOpen, Mode=TwoWay}" />
<local:OpenCloseWindowBehavior WindowType="local:PurpleWindow" Open="{Binding PurpleOpen, Mode=TwoWay}" />
</i:Interaction.Behaviors>
<UserControl.Resources>
<Thickness x:Key="StdMargin">5</Thickness>
<Style TargetType="Button" >
<Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="60" />
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="{StaticResource StdMargin}" />
</Style>
<Style TargetType="Border" >
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="{StaticResource StdMargin}" />
</Style>
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid>
<StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Border Background="Black" Width="30" />
<Button Content="Open" Command="{Binding OpenBlackCommand}" CommandParameter="True" />
<Button Content="Close" Command="{Binding OpenBlackCommand}" CommandParameter="False" />
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Border Background="Yellow" Width="30" />
<Button Content="Open" Command="{Binding OpenYellowCommand}" CommandParameter="True" />
<Button Content="Close" Command="{Binding OpenYellowCommand}" CommandParameter="False" />
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Border Background="Purple" Width="30" />
<Button Content="Open" Command="{Binding OpenPurpleCommand}" CommandParameter="True" />
<Button Content="Close" Command="{Binding OpenPurpleCommand}" CommandParameter="False" />
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</UserControl>
YellowWindow(黑色/紫色):
YellowWindow (Black/Purple alike):
<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.YellowWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="YellowWindow" Height="300" Width="300">
<Grid Background="Yellow" />
</Window>
视图模型、动作命令:
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Input;
namespace WpfApplication1
{
public class ViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
private void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
private bool _blackOpen;
public bool BlackOpen { get { return _blackOpen; } set { _blackOpen = value; OnPropertyChanged("BlackOpen"); } }
private bool _yellowOpen;
public bool YellowOpen { get { return _yellowOpen; } set { _yellowOpen = value; OnPropertyChanged("YellowOpen"); } }
private bool _purpleOpen;
public bool PurpleOpen { get { return _purpleOpen; } set { _purpleOpen = value; OnPropertyChanged("PurpleOpen"); } }
public ICommand OpenBlackCommand { get; private set; }
public ICommand OpenYellowCommand { get; private set; }
public ICommand OpenPurpleCommand { get; private set; }
public ViewModel()
{
this.OpenBlackCommand = new ActionCommand<bool>(OpenBlack);
this.OpenYellowCommand = new ActionCommand<bool>(OpenYellow);
this.OpenPurpleCommand = new ActionCommand<bool>(OpenPurple);
}
private void OpenBlack(bool open) { this.BlackOpen = open; }
private void OpenYellow(bool open) { this.YellowOpen = open; }
private void OpenPurple(bool open) { this.PurpleOpen = open; }
}
public class ActionCommand<T> : ICommand
{
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
private Action<T> _action;
public ActionCommand(Action<T> action)
{
_action = action;
}
public bool CanExecute(object parameter) { return true; }
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
if (_action != null)
{
var castParameter = (T)Convert.ChangeType(parameter, typeof(T));
_action(castParameter);
}
}
}
}
OpenCloseWindowBehavior:
OpenCloseWindowBehavior:
using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Interactivity;
namespace WpfApplication1
{
public class OpenCloseWindowBehavior : Behavior<UserControl>
{
private Window _windowInstance;
public Type WindowType { get { return (Type)GetValue(WindowTypeProperty); } set { SetValue(WindowTypeProperty, value); } }
public static readonly DependencyProperty WindowTypeProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("WindowType", typeof(Type), typeof(OpenCloseWindowBehavior), new PropertyMetadata(null));
public bool Open { get { return (bool)GetValue(OpenProperty); } set { SetValue(OpenProperty, value); } }
public static readonly DependencyProperty OpenProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Open", typeof(bool), typeof(OpenCloseWindowBehavior), new PropertyMetadata(false, OnOpenChanged));
/// <summary>
/// Opens or closes a window of type 'WindowType'.
/// </summary>
private static void OnOpenChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var me = (OpenCloseWindowBehavior)d;
if ((bool)e.NewValue)
{
object instance = Activator.CreateInstance(me.WindowType);
if (instance is Window)
{
Window window = (Window)instance;
window.Closing += (s, ev) =>
{
if (me.Open) // window closed directly by user
{
me._windowInstance = null; // prevents repeated Close call
me.Open = false; // set to false, so next time Open is set to true, OnOpenChanged is triggered again
}
};
window.Show();
me._windowInstance = window;
}
else
{
// could check this already in PropertyChangedCallback of WindowType - but doesn't matter until someone actually tries to open it.
throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Type '{0}' does not derive from System.Windows.Window.", me.WindowType));
}
}
else
{
if (me._windowInstance != null)
me._windowInstance.Close(); // closed by viewmodel
}
}
}
}
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