如何在 PL/SQL 中使用循环多次运行相同的查询? [英] How can you run the same query multiple times using loop in PL/SQL?

问题描述

使用此代码我无法多次运行插入查询；它只要求 ID 和名称一次(如果计数器中的值 > 1 ).

Using this code I'm not able to run an insert query multiple times; it asks for ID and name only one time ( if value in counter is > than 1 ).

declare
        counter number := 0 ;
begin 
        counter := &counter ;
        while counter > 0 loop
               insert into customer values ( &id, '&name' ) ;
               counter := counter - 1 ;
       end loop ;
end ;   

让我用一个例子来解释:-

Let me explain with the help of an example :-

假设我将值 2 放入 counter.有了这个，它应该两次询问我的 ID 和名称，但它只询问一次，并将我为 ID 和名称输入的值复制到表 test 中两次.

Say I put value 2 in counter. With this it should ask me for ID and name twice but it only asks once, and it copies the values I entered for the ID and name into table test twice.

我该如何解决这个问题?如果我不能，那么请建议可以解决我的问题的替代代码.

How can I fix this? If I can't then please suggest alternative code which will fix my problem.

推荐答案

替换变量 &counter、&id 和 &name 每个都被评估一次，当 PL/SQL 块被编译时 - 不是，因为它正在执行.

The substitution variables &counter, &id and &name are each evaluated once, when the PL/SQL block is compiled - not as it is being executed.

变量不会也不能在 PL/SQL 块内重新评估或重新提升.该块作为数据库中的单个单元执行 - 一旦它被提交执行，它就独立于客户端，客户端只等待它完成(除非你中断它，客户端也会处理).PL/SQL 不是交互式语言，您不应将客户端功能(例如替换变量)与 SQL 或 PL/SQL 功能混淆.

The variables are not, and cannot be, re-evaluated or re-promoted within the PL/SQL block. The block is executed as a single unit within the database - once it has been submitted for execution it is independent of the client, which just waits for it to complete (unless you interrupt it, which the client also handles). PL/SQL is not an interactive language, and you shouldn't confuse client functionality (e.g. substitution variables) with SQL or PL/SQL functionality.

只是为了好玩，您可以基于 counter 生成一个脚本，该脚本对 ID 和名称进行适当数量的提示，并将它们转换为可以通过简单插入使用的格式:

Just for fun, you could generate a script based on counter which does the appropriate number of prompts for IDs and names, and gets them into a format that could be used by a simple insert:

set serveroutput on
set feedback off
set echo off
set verify off
set termout off

accept counter "How many value pairs do you want to insert?"

var ids varchar2(4000);
var names varchar2(4000);

spool /tmp/prompter.sql

begin
  -- prompt for all the value pairs
  for i in 1..&counter loop
    dbms_output.put_line('accept id' ||i|| ' number  "Enter ID ' ||i|| '"');
    dbms_output.put_line('accept name' ||i|| '  char "Enter name ' ||i|| '"');
  end loop;

  -- concatenate the IDs into one variable
  dbms_output.put('define ids="');
  for i in 1..&counter loop
    if i > 1 then
      dbms_output.put(',');
    end if;
    dbms_output.put('&'||'id'||i);
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('"');

  -- concatenate the names into one variable
  dbms_output.put('define names="');
  for i in 1..&counter loop
    if i > 1 then
      dbms_output.put(',');
    end if;
    -- each name wrapped in single quotes
    dbms_output.put(q'['&]'||'name'||i||q'[']');
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line('"');
end;
/
spool off

@/tmp/prompter

insert into customer (id, name)
select i.id, n.name
from (
  select rownum as rid, column_value as id 
  from table(sys.odcinumberlist(&ids))
) i
join (
  select rownum as rid, column_value as name
  from table(sys.odcivarchar2list(&names))
) n
on n.rid = i.rid;

select * from customer;

这会创建一个名为 prompter.sql 的文件(我已经把它放在/tmp 中；把它放在适合你环境的地方！)；'值对的数量'提示回答为 2，临时脚本看起来包含:

That creates a file called prompter.sql (I've put it in /tmp; put it somewhere suitable for your environment!); with the 'number of value pairs' prompt answered as 2 that temporary script would look contain:

accept id1 number  "Enter ID 1"
accept name1  char "Enter name 1"
accept id2 number  "Enter ID 2"
accept name2  char "Enter name 2"
define ids="&id1,&id2"
define names="'&name1','&name2'"

然后使用 @ 运行该临时脚本，提示用户输入所有这些单独的值.然后在插入使用的选择中使用由组合替换变量构建的表集合.

That temporary script is then run with @, prompting the user for all those individual values. And then table collections built from the combined substitution variables are used in a select, which is used by the insert.

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