你如何在 Rust 中设置、清除和切换单个位? [英] How do you set, clear and toggle a single bit in Rust?

问题描述

如何在 Rust 中设置、清除和切换一点?

How do I set, clear and toggle a bit in Rust?

推荐答案

与许多其他语言一样，按位运算符 &(按位与)、|(按位或), ^ (按位异或) 存在:

Like many other languages, the bitwise operators & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ^ (bitwise XOR) exist:

fn main() {
    let mut byte: u8 = 0b0000_0000;

    byte |= 0b0000_1000; // Set a bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);

    byte &= 0b1111_0111; // Unset a bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);

    byte ^= 0b0000_1000; // Toggle a bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);
}

与其他语言的主要区别在于按位非，它使用 ! 而不是 ~:

The main difference from other languages is in bitwise NOT, which uses ! instead of ~:

fn main() {
    let mut byte: u8 = 0b0000_0000;

    byte = !byte; // Flip all bits
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);
}

您还可以向左或向右移动位:

You can also shift bits left or right:

fn main() {
    let mut byte: u8 = 0b0000_1000;

    byte <<= 1; // shift left one bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);

    byte >>= 1; // shift right one bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);
}

还有许多其他概念性的东西最终会进行位级操作，而这些操作并没有用运算符来表达.查看整数文档以获取示例.一个有趣的例子是 leading_zeros.以下是如何旋转一定数量的位:

There are many other conceptual things that ultimately do bit-level manipulation that are not expressed with operators. Check out the documentation for an integer for examples. One interesting example is leading_zeros. Here is how to rotate by a certain number of bits:

fn main() {
    let mut byte: u8 = 0b1000_0000;

    byte = byte.rotate_left(1); // rotate left one bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);

    byte = byte.rotate_right(1); // rotate right one bit
    println!("0b{:08b}", byte);
}

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