Python:如何从目录中的所有模块导入? [英] Python: how to import from all modules in dir?

问题描述

目录结构:

main.py
my_modules/
   module1.py
   module2.py

module1.py:

module1.py:

class fooBar():
    ....
class pew_pew_FooBarr()
    ....
...

如何在没有前缀的情况下将 module* 中的所有类添加到 main(即像 foo = fooBar() 一样使用它们，而不是 foo = my_modules.module1.fooBar()).

How can I add all classes from module* to main without prefixes (i.e. to use them like foo = fooBar(), not foo = my_modules.module1.fooBar()).

一个明显的决定是在 main.py 中编写如下内容:

An obvious decision is to write in main.py something like this:

from my_modules.module1 import *
from my_modules.module2 import *
from my_modules.module3 import *
...

但是我不想在创建新的 moduleN 时更改 main.py.有解决办法吗?

But I don't want to change main.py when I create new moduleN. Is there solution for that?

我知道导入这样的类不是一个好主意，但我仍然对此很好奇.

I do know it's not a good idea to import classes like this, but I'm still curious about that.

UPD:这个问题与这个问题不同 将所有模块加载到一个Python 中的文件夹，因为我的问题是加载没有命名空间的模块.

UPD: This question differs from this one Loading all modules in a folder in Python, because my problem is to load modules without namespaces.

推荐答案

在 my_modules 文件夹中，添加一个 __init__.py 文件，使其成为一个合适的包.在该文件中，您可以在 __init__.py 文件的全局范围内注入每个模块的全局变量，这使得它们在导入模块时可用(在您还添加了名称之后)__all__ 变量的全局变量):

In the my_modules folder, add a __init__.py file to make it a proper package. In that file, you can inject the globals of each of those modules in the global scope of the __init__.py file, which makes them available as your module is imported (after you've also added the name of the global to the __all__ variable):

__all__ = []

import pkgutil
import inspect

for loader, name, is_pkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(__path__):
    module = loader.find_module(name).load_module(name)

    for name, value in inspect.getmembers(module):
        if name.startswith('__'):
            continue

        globals()[name] = value
        __all__.append(name)

现在，而不是做:

from my_modules.class1 import Stuff

你可以这样做:

from my_modules import Stuff

或者将所有内容导入全局范围，这似乎是您想要做的:

Or to import everything into the global scope, which seems to be what you want to do:

from my_modules import *

这种方法的问题是类相互覆盖，所以如果两个模块提供 Foo，你将只能使用最后导入的一个.

The problem with this approach is classes overwrite one another, so if two modules provide Foo, you'll only be able to use the one that was imported last.

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