在 AWK 中转换日期 [英] Converting dates in AWK

问题描述

我有一个包含多列文本的文件，包括沿 Fri Jan 02 18:23 行的时间戳，我需要将该日期转换为 MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM 格式.

I have a file containing many columns of text, including a timestamp along the lines of Fri Jan 02 18:23 and I need to convert that date into MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM format.

我一直在尝试使用带有 awk getline 的标准日期"工具来进行转换，但我无法弄清楚如何以它期望的格式将字段传递到日期"命令中(引用为" 或 's,) 因为 getline 也需要用引号括起来的命令字符串.

I have been trying to use the standard `date' tool with awk getline to do the conversion, but I can't quite figure out how to pass the fields into the 'date' command in the format it expects (quoted with " or 's,) as getline needs the command string enclosed in quotes too.

类似"date -d '$1 $2 $3 $4' +'%D %H:%M'" |getline var

现在想想，我想我真正要问的是如何将 awk 变量嵌入到字符串中.

Now that I think about it, I guess what I'm really asking is how to embed awk variables into a string.

推荐答案

你可以试试这个.假设您指定的日期仅在文件中

you can try this. Assuming just the date you specified is in the file

awk '
{
    cmd ="date "+%m/%d/%Y %H:%M" -d ""$1" "$2" "$3" "$4"""
    cmd | getline var
    print var
    close(cmd)
}' file

输出

$ ./shell.sh
01/02/2010 18:23

如果您不使用 GNU 工具，例如您在 Solaris 中，请使用 nawk

and if you are not using GNU tools, like if you are in Solaris for example, use nawk

nawk 'BEGIN{
   m=split("Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec",d,"|")
   for(o=1;o<=m;o++){
      months[d[o]]=sprintf("%02d",o)
   }
   cmd="date +%Y"
   cmd|getline yr
   close(cmd)
}
{
    day=$3
    mth=months[$2]
    print mth"/"day"/"yr" "$4
} ' file

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