在 C 中通过 TCP 发送和接收整数值 [英] Send and receive an integer value over TCP in C

问题描述

在程序中，我需要通过 TCP 套接字发送一个整数值.我为此使用了 send() 和 recv() 函数，但它们仅以字符串形式发送和接收它.

In a program, I need to send an integer value over the TCP socket. I used the send() and recv() functions for the purpose but they are sending and receiving it only as string.

send() 和 recv() 是否有其他替代方法来发送和接收整数值?

Is there any alternative for the send() and recv() so as to send and receive integer values?

推荐答案

send() 和 recv() 不发送字符串.他们发送字节.由您来解释有意义的字节.

send() and recv() don't send strings. They send bytes. It is up to you to provide an interpretation of the bytes that makes sense.

如果你想发送整数，你需要决定你要发送的整数大小——1字节、2字节、4字节、8字节等.你还需要决定一个编码格式.网络顺序" 描述了 Big-Endian 格式的约定.您可以使用 或 中的以下函数与网络顺序进行转换:

If you wish to send integers, you need to decide what size integers you are going to send -- 1 byte, 2 bytes, 4 bytes, 8 bytes, etc. You also need to decide on an encoding format. "Network order" describes the convention of Big-Endian formatting. You can convert to and from network order using the following functions from <arpa/inet.h> or <netinet/in.h>:

   uint32_t htonl(uint32_t hostlong);
   uint16_t htons(uint16_t hostshort);
   uint32_t ntohl(uint32_t netlong);
   uint16_t ntohs(uint16_t netshort);

如果你坚持在发送前使用htonl()(host-to-network, long)和接收后使用ntohl()(网络到主机，long)，你会没事的.

If you stick to using htonl() before sending (host-to-network, long) and ntohl() after receiving (network-to-host, long), you'll do alright.

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