在 Windows 中部署 cx_Oracle [英] Deploying cx_Oracle in Windows

问题描述

我正在尝试在 python 中使用 cx_Oracle 模块来访问远程数据库并在表中插入或删除行.顺便说一句，我已经下载了 oracle 即时客户端 11.1 以及 odbc 和 sqlplus 版本.我已将环境变量 ORACLE_HOME 和 TNS_ADMIN 设置到目录中，我在那里解压缩了文件并将此目录添加到 PATH 变量中.当我用谷歌搜索时，我认为应该有一些 .ora 文件，但我找不到它们.

I'm trying to use cx_Oracle module in python to access a remote database and insert or delete rows in tables. BTW I have downloaded oracle instant client 11.1 and also odbc and sqlplus versions. I have set environment variables ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN to directory I have unzipped files there and add this this directory to the PATH variable. As I googled I think there should be some .ora files but I can't find them.

我可以从命令行使用 sqlplus 命令，但我的主要问题是我无法安装和使用 cx_Oracle.我不想使用任何命令行脚本；我只想使用 cx_Oracle 作为 API.

I can use sqlplus commands from command line, but my main problem is that I can't install and use cx_Oracle. I don't want to use any command line scripts; I just want to use cx_Oracle as an API.

谁能给我一个完整的解释，我真的被困在那里.这方面的所有文件都含糊其辞.最好的问候.

Can anyone give me a complete explanation, I'm really stuck there. All the documents in this area are vague. Best Regards.

编辑 1:

我使用 python setup.py install 和 python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 命令尝试了 cx_Oracle 的源包.我没有再收到 oracle 错误，但我收到 command 'gcc' failed 错误.我尝试了 MinGW 编译器并编辑了环境变量 PATH 以包含 MinGW 安装目录(例如 C:MinGW)；我还安装了 Microsoft Visual C++(版本 2005、2008 和 2010)；但我仍然收到错误消息.

I tried the source package of cx_Oracle with python setup.py install and python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 commands. I don't get the oracle error again, but I'm getting command 'gcc' failed error. I tried MinGW compiler and have edited environment variable PATH to contain MinGW install directory(e.g. C:MinGW); I have also installed Microsoft Visual C++(versions 2005, 2008 and 2010); but I still get the error.

编辑 2:

由于@jpmc26 提到了 tnsnames.ora 文件，我决定补充一点，我已经尝试制作一个 tnsnames.ora 和一个 sqlplus.ora 文件并将它们放在 C:oracleinstant_client_11_1 etworkadmin 目录下；但当我用谷歌搜索时，我意识到如果你使用 cx_Oracle.connect(username, password, cx_Oracle.makedsn(ip, port, sid)) 命令，你可以跳过 .ora文件.cx_Oracle.makedsn 将自己制作结构.

Since @jpmc26 mentioned about tnsnames.ora files, I decided to add that I have tried to make a tnsnames.ora and also a sqlplus.ora file and put them in directory C:oracleinstant_client_11_1 etworkadmin; but as I googled I realized that if you use cx_Oracle.connect(username, password, cx_Oracle.makedsn(ip, port, sid)) command, you can skip .ora files. cx_Oracle.makedsn would make the structure itself.

推荐答案

我尝试了很多方法，最终解决了问题.既然觉得应该写一个全面的答案，就分别写下我遇到的问题和解决方法；希望它能帮助别人.我还将问题的名称更改为合适的名称.这是我在 Windows 7 - 32 位版本中安装 cx_Oracle 模块时所经历的(我认为其他版本的 Windows 会有类似的解决方案，但我不确定):

I tried a lot of ways to finally solve the problem. Since I think I should write a comprehensive answer, I will write the problems that I faced and their solutions respectively; hoping it can help others. I also changed the question's name to an appropriate one. Here's what I've been through during installation of cx_Oracle module in Windows 7 - 32 bit version(I think other versions of windows would have similar solutions, but I'm not sure):

• 我尝试使用 easy_install 安装 cx_Oracle 并且我得到了错误未安装oracle客户端.我已经下载了oracle适用于 Windows 的基本即时客户端和 oracle sdk 即时客户端来自Oracle官网并通过以下步骤安装:

• I have tried to install cx_Oracle using easy_install and I got the error No oracle client installed. I have downloaded oracle basic instant client and oracle sdk instant client for windows from Oracle Official Website and installed it via following steps:

将oracle基本即时客户端解压到目录C:oracleinstant_client_11_1.

Unzip oracle basic instant client into directory C:oracleinstant_client_11_1.

解压oracle sdk即时客户端，将文件夹sdk复制到C:oracleinstant_client_11_1目录下，这样我们就有了C:oracle目录instant_client_11_1sdk.

Unzip oracle sdk instant client and copy folder sdk into the directory C:oracleinstant_client_11_1, consequently we have a directory as C:oracleinstant_client_11_1sdk.

将 C:oracleinstant_client_11_1 添加到 PATH 环境变量的末尾.

Add C:oracleinstant_client_11_1 to the end of the PATH environment variable.

添加一个名为 ORACLE_HOME 的新变量，并将值设置为 C:oracleinstant_client_11_1.

Add a new variable named ORACLE_HOME and set C:oracleinstant_client_11_1 for the value.

重新启动计算机.

我尝试再次使用 easy_install 安装 cx_Oracle 并且我得到了错误 command ‘gcc’ failed: no such file or directory 和在某些案例无法找到vcvarsall.bat；这是因为我没有一个 C++ 编译器，所以我按照以下步骤来解决它:

I tried to install cx_Oracle using easy_install again and I got error command ‘gcc’ failed: no such file or directory and in some cases unable to find vcvarsall.bat; this was because I didn’t have a C++ compiler, so I followed these steps to solve it:

下载 Microsoft Visual C++ 并安装.

Download Microsoft Visual C++ and install it.

下载MinGW并安装；请注意，您必须安装 GCC 模块.

Download MinGW and install it; note that you must install GCC module.

添加 C:MinGW 和 C:MinGWin(其中包含 gcc.exe)到最后PATH 环境变量.

Add C:MinGW and C:MinGWin(which contains gcc.exe) to the end of the PATH environment variable.

我尝试再次使用 easy_install 安装 cx_Oracle 并且我得到了error command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1;我试过这一步解决它:

I tried to install cx_Oracle using easy_install again and I got error command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1; I tried this step to solve it:

打开文件 C:Python27Libdistutilscygwincompiler.py 并删除此文件中所有出现的 –mno-cygwin；这是因为最近版本的 GCC 删除了 –mno-cygwin 选项，它不应该在那里.

Open file C:Python27Libdistutils cygwincompiler.py and remove all –mno-cygwin occurrences in this file; this is because recent versions of GCC has removed –mno-cygwin option and it shouldn’t be there.

我尝试使用 easy_install 安装 cx_Oracle 并且成功了.

I tried to install cx_Oracle using easy_install and it worked.

但在互联网上搜索时，我发现了一些可能有用的技巧:

But during searching in the internet I found a couple of tricks that may be useful:

• 如果你得到错误no module named win32api，那是因为你没有你应该在你的电脑上安装 python 的 win32 扩展从 Source Forge 下载 pywin32 模块并安装它.

• If you got error no module named win32api, it’s because you didn’t install win32 extensions of python on your computer you should download pywin32 module from Source Forge and install it.

如果还是没成功，可以试试旧版的cx_Oracle；但请记住我们在上面几行中谈到的所有内容.您可以在 此处cx_Oracle>.

If you didn’t succeed anyway, you can try an older version of cx_Oracle; but keep in mind all we talked about in the above lines. You can find all versions of cx_Oracle here.

如果您想使用 sqlplus，您还应该执行一些其他步骤.为此，请在互联网上搜索.

If you want to use sqlplus you should do some other steps too. For this purpose search the internet.

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