Python 命名空间“import X"和“from X import" [英] Python namespace 'import X' and 'from X import'
问题描述
以下代码有效:
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
但是,以下内容:
import sqlalchemy
Base = sqlalchemy.ext.declarative.declarative_base()
抛出:模块'sqlalchemy'没有属性'ext'
.怎么可能?
推荐答案
sqlalchemy
是一个包,导入包不会自动加载其子模块.当你这样做
sqlalchemy
is a package, and importing a package doesn't automatically load its submodules. When you do
import sqlalchemy
Base = sqlalchemy.ext.declarative.declarative_base()
导入系统不会加载 sqlalchemy.ext
子模块,因为您没有要求它.
The import system doesn't load the sqlalchemy.ext
submodule, because you didn't ask for it.
当你这样做
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
您已明确请求加载 sqlalchemy.ext
和 sqlalchemy.ext.declarative
,以便访问有效.
You've explicitly requested that sqlalchemy.ext
and sqlalchemy.ext.declarative
get loaded, so the access works.
你也可以做到
import sqlalchemy.ext.declarative
Base = sqlalchemy.ext.declarative.declarative_base()
这也会加载 sqlalchemy.ext
和 sqlalchemy.ext.declarative
.
某些包会自动在其 __init__.py
中加载它们的子模块,因此您不必显式导入子模块.不过,这不是您应该依赖的东西.
Some packages automatically load their submodules inside their __init__.py
, so you don't have to import submodules explicitly. This isn't something you should rely on, though.
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