我可以使用什么 SQL 从我的付款数据中检索计数? [英] What SQL can I use to retrieve counts from my payments data?
问题描述
计数标准:按学校服务类型按月/年对每所学校的学生人数(由唯一学生 ID 索引)进行真实"计数.
Count criteria: A "true" count, by month-year, of the number of students (indexed by a unique Student ID) at each School by School Service Type.
我目前正在使用 MS-Access.我需要能够提取具有与以下示例数据类似的数据的数据库的计数.每一行是一个付款观察.
I am currently using MS-Access. I need to be able to extract counts for a database with similar data as the sample data below. Each row is a payment observation.
示例数据:
Student ID | School | School Service Type | PaymentStartDate | PaymentEndDate |
001 ABC ED 01/02/2010 02/04/2012
001 ABC ED 01/02/2010 01/05/2010
001 ABC ED 04/02/2010 05/05/2010
001 DEF EZ 01/02/2010 02/04/2012
001 RR 02/02/2012 02/03/2012
002 ABC ED 02/02/2010 02/03/2011
002 ABC EZ 02/02/2010 06/03/2010
002 GHI ED 02/04/2011 02/04/2012
003 ABC ED 02/02/2011 02/03/2012
003 DEF ED 01/02/2010 08/03/2010
003 RR 02/02/2011 02/03/2011
004 RR 02/02/2011 02/03/2011
005 GHI ED 08/02/2010 02/04/2011
006 GHI ED 08/02/2010 08/02/2010
我希望我的计数是什么样的:
What I want my count to look like:
Month | Year | School | ED | EZ | RR |
01 2010 ABC 1 0 0
01 2010 DEF 1 1 0
01 2010 GHI 0 0 0
02 2010 ABC 2 1 0
03 2010 ABC 2 1 0
示例
愿望:我想要2010 年1 月
最大的障碍 - 重复
请查看对 Student ID 001 的观察.在 2010 年 1 月至 2012 年 2 月期间，学校 ABC 收到了 3 笔与学生 001 完全相同的服务类型 (ED) 付款.
Please take a look at the observations for Student ID 001. Between January 2010 and February 2012, School ABC received 3 payments for the exact same Service Type (ED) for Student 001.
我希望我 2010 年 1 月在学校 ABC 接受 ED 服务的学生人数返回值 1，因为只有一名学生(Student 001) 在那所学校接受了 ED 的服务.
I want my January 2010 count of students that received ED services at school ABC to return a value of 1, since only one student (Student 001) received services for ED at that school for that time.
但是，当我使用这些数据进行交叉表检索我的计数时，它返回值 2(对于两个学生).原因是 Student 001 的付款 #1 和付款 #2 都符合我 2010 年 1 月的月-年标准.
However, when I conduct a crosstab to retrieve my counts with this data as it is, it returns a value of 2 (for two students). The reason being that both payment #1 and payment #2 of Student 001 meet my month-year criteria of January 2010.
付款 #1 符合条件，因为 2010 年 1 月在付款日期范围 01/02/2010 - 02/04/2012* 内.
Payment #1 meets the criteria because January 2010 lies within the payment date range of 01/02/2010 - 02/04/2012*.
付款 #2 也符合条件，因为 2010 年 1 月在付款日期范围 01/02/2010 - 01/05/2010 内.
Payment #2 also meets the criteria because January 2010 lies within the payment date range of 01/02/2010 - 01/05/2010.
付款 #3 不符合条件，因为 2010 年 1 月不在该行的日期范围内 (04/02/2010 - 05/05/2010).
Payment #3 does not meet the criteria because January 2010 is not within the date range for that row (04/02/2010 - 05/05/2010).
*您分别从 PaymentStartDate 和 PaymentEndDate 获得这些日期.
*You get these dates from the PaymentStartDate and PaymentEndDate respectively.
我在此处准备了示例数据的 Excel 版本:Excel 文件链接
I prepared an Excel version of the sample data here:Link to Excel file
请记住:
PaymentStartDate 和 PaymentEndDate 之间经过的时间变化很大，范围从 0 天到 122 天.
The time elapsed between the PaymentStartDate and PaymentEndDate is extremely variable across the board, and ranges from 0 days to 122 days.
很多时候，有真正独特的付款观察，其中 PaymentStartDate 和 PaymentEndDate 之间的时间间隔为 0 天(查看上面数据中学生 ID 006 的付款行).因此，删除不符合指定的PaymentStartDate 和 PaymentEndDate 之间的时间间隔"条件的行不是一种选择，因为很多时候它们不是我试图删除的重复项.
Many times, there are truly unique payment observations where the time lapsed between PaymentStartDate and PaymentEndDate is 0 days (take a look at the payment row for Student ID 006 in the data above). Therefore, getting rid of rows that do not meet a specified "time lapsed between PaymentStartDate and PaymentEndDate" criteria is not an option, since many times they are not the duplicates I am trying to get rid of for my counts.
是的，对于某些服务类型，没有 School 值.
Yes, for certain Service Types, there is no School value.
与往常一样，非常感谢有关我如何解决此重复问题以及在 MS-Access 中检索我的真实计数值的任何有用建议.感谢您的时间.
As always, any helpful ideas of advice on how I can resolve this duplicates issue, and retrieve my true count values within MS-Access are greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time.
编辑 (02/10/2014):更改了上面的计数输出以反映我在帖子中提供的示例数据.我很抱歉之前没有这样做.
Edit (02/10/2014): Changed the count output above to reflect the sample data I provided in my post. My apologies for not doing so before.
推荐答案
这是一种解决方法.对于名为 [Payments]
Here's one way to tackle it. For sample data in a table named [Payments]
Payment Row Student ID School School Service Type PaymentStartDate PaymentEndDate
----------- ---------- ------ ------------------- ---------------- --------------
1 001 ABC ED 2010-01-02 2012-02-04
2 001 ABC ED 2010-01-02 2010-01-05
3 001 ABC ED 2010-04-02 2010-05-05
4 001 DEF EZ 2010-01-02 2012-02-04
5 001 RR 2012-02-02 2012-02-03
6 002 ABC ED 2010-02-02 2011-02-03
7 002 ABC EZ 2010-02-02 2010-06-03
8 002 GHI ED 2011-02-04 2012-02-04
9 003 ABC ED 2011-02-02 2012-02-03
10 003 DEF ED 2010-01-02 2010-08-03
11 003 RR 2011-02-02 2011-02-03
12 004 RR 2011-02-02 2011-02-03
13 005 GHI ED 2010-08-02 2011-02-04
14 006 GHI ED 2010-08-02 2010-08-02
如果我们在 Access 中创建一个名为 [PaymentsYearMonth] 的已保存查询
if we create a saved query in Access named [PaymentsYearMonth]
SELECT
[Student ID],
School,
[School Service Type],
(Year(PaymentStartDate) * 100) + Month(PaymentStartDate) AS StartYYYYMM,
(Year(PaymentEndDate) * 100) + Month(PaymentEndDate) AS EndYYYYMM
FROM Payments
它会给我们
Student ID School School Service Type StartYYYYMM EndYYYYMM
---------- ------ ------------------- ----------- ---------
001 ABC ED 201001 201202
001 ABC ED 201001 201001
001 ABC ED 201004 201005
001 DEF EZ 201001 201202
001 RR 201202 201202
002 ABC ED 201002 201102
002 ABC EZ 201002 201006
002 GHI ED 201102 201202
003 ABC ED 201102 201202
003 DEF ED 201001 201008
003 RR 201102 201102
004 RR 201102 201102
005 GHI ED 201008 201102
006 GHI ED 201008 201008
要生成数据涵盖的年/月对，我们可以使用名为 [MonthNumbers] 的表
To generate the Year/Month pairs that the data covers, we can use a table named [MonthNumbers]
MonthNumber
-----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
和一个名为 [YearNumbers] 的表，它涵盖了可能出现在数据中的每一年.为了安全起见，可能包括从 1901 年到 2525 年的每一年，但为了说明，我们将使用
and a table named [YearNumbers] which covers every year that might possibly appear in the data. For safety one might include every year from, say, 1901 to 2525, but for illustration we'll just use
YearNumber
----------
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
现在我们可以创建一个名为 [MonthsToReport] 的已保存查询来为我们提供可能有结果的行
Now we can create a saved query named [MonthsToReport] to give us the rows that might have results
SELECT
yn.YearNumber,
mn.MonthNumber,
(yn.YearNumber * 100) + mn.MonthNumber AS YYYYMM
FROM
YearNumbers AS yn,
MonthNumbers AS mn
WHERE ((yn.YearNumber * 100) + mn.MonthNumber)>=DMin("StartYYYYMM","PaymentsYearMonth")
AND ((yn.YearNumber * 100) + mn.MonthNumber)<=DMax("EndYYYYMM","PaymentsYearMonth")
按年和月排序，看起来像
Sorted by Year and Month that would look like
YearNumber MonthNumber YYYYMM
---------- ----------- ------
2010 1 201001
2010 2 201002
2010 3 201003
2010 4 201004
2010 5 201005
2010 6 201006
2010 7 201007
2010 8 201008
2010 9 201009
2010 10 201010
2010 11 201011
2010 12 201012
2011 1 201101
2011 2 201102
2011 3 201103
2011 4 201104
2011 5 201105
2011 6 201106
2011 7 201107
2011 8 201108
2011 9 201109
2011 10 201110
2011 11 201111
2011 12 201112
2012 1 201201
2012 2 201202
现在创建一个查询，为我们提供不同的 Year/Month/Student/School/Type 实例
Now to create a query that gives us distinct instances of Year/Month/Student/School/Type
SELECT DISTINCT
mtr.YearNumber,
mtr.MonthNumber,
pym.[Student ID],
pym.School,
pym.[School Service Type]
FROM
MonthsToReport AS mtr
INNER JOIN
PaymentsYearMonth AS pym
ON mtr.YYYYMM>=pym.StartYYYYMM
AND mtr.YYYYMM<=pym.EndYYYYMM
...将其包装在聚合查询中以计算(现在是唯一的)[Student ID] 值
...wrap that in an aggregation query to count up the (now unique) [Student ID] values
SELECT
YearNumber,
MonthNumber,
School,
[School Service Type],
COUNT(*) AS CountOfStudents
FROM
(
SELECT DISTINCT
mtr.YearNumber,
mtr.MonthNumber,
pym.[Student ID],
pym.School,
pym.[School Service Type]
FROM
MonthsToReport AS mtr
INNER JOIN
PaymentsYearMonth AS pym
ON mtr.YYYYMM>=pym.StartYYYYMM
AND mtr.YYYYMM<=pym.EndYYYYMM
) AS distinctQuery
GROUP BY
YearNumber,
MonthNumber,
School,
[School Service Type]
然后使用 that 作为交叉表查询中的 FROM 子查询
and then use that as the FROM subquery in our crosstab query
TRANSFORM Nz(First(CountOfStudents),0) AS n
SELECT
YearNumber,
MonthNumber,
School
FROM
(
SELECT
YearNumber,
MonthNumber,
School,
[School Service Type],
COUNT(*) AS CountOfStudents
FROM
(
SELECT DISTINCT
mtr.YearNumber,
mtr.MonthNumber,
pym.[Student ID],
pym.School,
pym.[School Service Type]
FROM
MonthsToReport AS mtr
INNER JOIN
PaymentsYearMonth AS pym
ON mtr.YYYYMM>=pym.StartYYYYMM
AND mtr.YYYYMM<=pym.EndYYYYMM
) AS distinctQuery
GROUP BY
YearNumber,
MonthNumber,
School,
[School Service Type]
) AS countQuery
GROUP BY
YearNumber,
MonthNumber,
School
PIVOT [School Service Type]
归来
YearNumber MonthNumber School ED EZ RR
---------- ----------- ------ -- -- --
2010 1 ABC 1 0 0
2010 1 DEF 1 1 0
2010 2 ABC 2 1 0
2010 2 DEF 1 1 0
2010 3 ABC 2 1 0
2010 3 DEF 1 1 0
2010 4 ABC 2 1 0
2010 4 DEF 1 1 0
2010 5 ABC 2 1 0
2010 5 DEF 1 1 0
2010 6 ABC 2 1 0
2010 6 DEF 1 1 0
2010 7 ABC 2 0 0
2010 7 DEF 1 1 0
2010 8 ABC 2 0 0
2010 8 DEF 1 1 0
2010 8 GHI 2 0 0
2010 9 ABC 2 0 0
2010 9 DEF 0 1 0
2010 9 GHI 1 0 0
2010 10 ABC 2 0 0
2010 10 DEF 0 1 0
2010 10 GHI 1 0 0
2010 11 ABC 2 0 0
2010 11 DEF 0 1 0
2010 11 GHI 1 0 0
2010 12 ABC 2 0 0
2010 12 DEF 0 1 0
2010 12 GHI 1 0 0
2011 1 ABC 2 0 0
2011 1 DEF 0 1 0
2011 1 GHI 1 0 0
2011 2 0 0 2
2011 2 ABC 3 0 0
2011 2 DEF 0 1 0
2011 2 GHI 2 0 0
2011 3 ABC 2 0 0
2011 3 DEF 0 1 0
2011 3 GHI 1 0 0
2011 4 ABC 2 0 0
2011 4 DEF 0 1 0
2011 4 GHI 1 0 0
2011 5 ABC 2 0 0
2011 5 DEF 0 1 0
2011 5 GHI 1 0 0
2011 6 ABC 2 0 0
2011 6 DEF 0 1 0
2011 6 GHI 1 0 0
2011 7 ABC 2 0 0
2011 7 DEF 0 1 0
2011 7 GHI 1 0 0
2011 8 ABC 2 0 0
2011 8 DEF 0 1 0
2011 8 GHI 1 0 0
2011 9 ABC 2 0 0
2011 9 DEF 0 1 0
2011 9 GHI 1 0 0
2011 10 ABC 2 0 0
2011 10 DEF 0 1 0
2011 10 GHI 1 0 0
2011 11 ABC 2 0 0
2011 11 DEF 0 1 0
2011 11 GHI 1 0 0
2011 12 ABC 2 0 0
2011 12 DEF 0 1 0
2011 12 GHI 1 0 0
2012 1 ABC 2 0 0
2012 1 DEF 0 1 0
2012 1 GHI 1 0 0
2012 2 0 0 1
2012 2 ABC 2 0 0
2012 2 DEF 0 1 0
2012 2 GHI 1 0 0
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