Python 请求多部分 HTTP POST [英] Python Requests Multipart HTTP POST

问题描述

我想知道您如何使用 Python 请求翻译这样的内容?在 urllib2 中，您可以手动操作通过线路发送到 API 服务的数据，但 Requests 声称分段文件上传很容易.但是，当尝试使用 Requests 库发送相同的请求时，我相信它没有正确地为两个部分中的每一个指定内容类型中的一些关键参数.有人可以对这个问题有所了解.提前谢谢你！

I was wondering how do you translate something like this using Python Requests? In urllib2, you can manually manipulate the data that is being sent over the wire to the API service, but Requests claims multipart file uploads are easy. However, when trying to send over the same request using the Requests library, I believe that it is not specifying some key parameters in the content-type for each of the two parts correctly. Can someone please shed some light on this matter. Thank you in advance!

def upload_creative(self, account_id, file_path):
    """"""
    boundary = '-----------------------------' + str(int(random.random()*1e10))
    parts = []

    # Set account ID part.
    parts.append('--' + boundary)
    parts.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="account_id"')
    parts.append('')
    parts.append(str(account_id))

    # Set creative contents part.
    parts.append('--' + boundary)
    parts.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="%s"' % file_path)
    parts.append('Content-Type: %s' % mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)[0] or 'application/octet-stream')
    parts.append('')
    # TODO: catch errors with opening file.
    parts.append(open(file_path, 'r').read())

    parts.append('--' + boundary + '--')
    parts.append('')

    body = '
'.join(parts)

    headers = {'content-type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary}
    url = self._resolve_url('/a/creative/uploadcreative')
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers, data=body)
    res = urllib2.urlopen(req)

    return json.loads(res.read())

当我从 UI 检查 firebug 时，我在 POST 源中得到以下内容.

When I examine firebug from the UI, I get the following in the POST source.

-----------------------------662549079759661058833120391 
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="IMG_1377.jpg" Content-Type: image/jpeg 

ÿØÿáÃExif��MM�*���� �������ª���� ���°���������������������º�������Â(�������1�������Ê2�������Ú<�������î�������i�������þ%������p��Apple�iPhone 4���H������H�����QuickTime 7.7.1�2012:08:17 11:47:11�Mac OS X 10.7.4�������������� "�������'�����P�������0220������(������<������ �����P������X������� ����� �� ������`������h �����0100 ������� ������  ������¢�������¤��������¤��������¤��������¤ ����������������������2011:10:01 17:19:23�2011:10:01 17:19:23���4��Á��¹��¡���M���Ç»¸������N����������Ê�����W����������â�������ú�����M�����������������!�����S���d����������T�����ÿ���d���������������������Ú����%Á��r��������������t������|(�������������������7������������H������H�����ÿØÿà�JFIF��H�H��ÿþ�AppleMark ÿÛ��  % #!,!#'(***.1-)1%)*( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((ÿÄ¢���������� ������� ���}�!1AQa"q2¡#B±ÁRÑð$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª²³´µ¶·¸¹ºÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚáâãäåæçèéêñòóôõö÷øùú��w�!1AQaq"2B¡±Á #3RðbrÑ $4á%ñ&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª²³´µ¶·¸¹ð.¥ÛWíÇLòV³FcaoæÂÒ8§É¸(è3E¢"Ú×S^+yj�!òû0Oüµn- yè){[oÝ/¸?ÃÔMY¡ÃgÔò4êò4n͸í¶={ÔM¤¸m¯K&ñæ«,©ù»zTÝ=öØô×6¶Ö:MÑi�,Û$Oö[ª÷ª©ÆiîỤJAxj>ÞAõúu¥}lIf÷û^Â)#´y^)Ô"/·v>n~4ººµ­¬æ}FURì·Î 3¿Ãèh»ÐµÈÿ�·|Gu:ß²<ëlWäG·^+¡Ó¼gâ.-Þè|ϸ*ª®  }é?Ú=(i:2½Ïg!ʵÑi¤¼eþ!÷³ÍC'æCqv®ÖÊÕiçCë·øsQy#K_B´þ0s'¦|¿Þ²lò¼?½ÿ�]rZ¶¨ø·6ñÆØ·mvV;þÿ�þ=ôª¿»rzPñtHö÷>Ù¤R#+ Á òBôR;ú²¾)!àËn<.ÁÔlÏcRäÂ&§­eX´fTóLžQßt§Zµ{â t·pK]ÈL1²îýúEüxþ÷jî×-jÏÂ>!û:^,E­,>^ýêßwû+Ópæ»?i÷û5kéá¹^ 6Ddq°öÁ¯Rù¨¦yãjòÿÙ 
-----------------------------662549079759661058833120391 
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="account_id" 

69574 
-----------------------------662549079759661058833120391--

firebug中的headers如下:

The headers in firebug are as follows:

Request Headersview source
Accept  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate
Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5
Cache-Control   no-cache
Connection  keep-alive
Content-Length  1713991
Content-Type    multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------662549079759661058833120391
Cookie  instance_defaults=%7C%20%7Cen_US; access_token=75c48e
Host    ui.host.com
Pragma  no-cache
Referer http://ui.host.com/
User-Agent  Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:14.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/14.0.1

我想我的问题是有没有办法通过请求库来调整数据，以便:

I guess my question is is there any way via the requests library to adjust the data so that the:

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="IMG_1377.jpg" Content-Type: image/jpeg

和

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="account_id" 

69574

语句都存在.我觉得我必须做一些事情，比如让文件成为

statements are both present. I feel that I would have to do something like have files be a dictionary of

files = {'file': open('image.jpg', 'rb'), 'account_id': 12345}

但以某种方式分别编辑每个部分的 Content-Disposition 元数据

but somehow edit the Content-Disposition metadata of each of these parts separately

推荐答案

with requests，相信你不用那么手动，简单的:

with requests, I believe that you don't have to be so manual, simply:

import requests

# ...
url = self._resolve_url('/a/creative/uploadcreative')
files = {'file': ('userfile', open(filepath, 'rb'))}
data = {'account_id': account_id}
headers = {'content-type': 'multipart/form-data'}
res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=data, headers=headers)
return res.json

我想你关心的是你的:

parts.append('Content-Type: %s' % mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)[0] or 'application/octet-stream')

毫无疑问，我还没有向自己证明这一点.但是，我认为这是内置于请求 here.

I haven't proven it to myself beyond the shadow of a doubt. But, I think that is built in to requests here.

它看起来像 您可以按照您的建议在文件字典中使用普通字段:

It looks like you can have the normal fields in the files dict, as you propose:

files = {'file': open('image.jpg', 'rb'), 'account_id': 12345}

并且可以根据需要命名文件名:

and could name the filename as you want:

files = {'file': ('userfile', open('image.jpg', 'rb')), 'account_id': 12345}

但是，你会在 account_id 字段上得到一个 body.write(b'Content-Type: text/plain ')这可能不是您想要的，并且无法为每个字段自定义 Content-Disposition(仍然不确定为什么需要)；对于文件和字段，您将获得:Content-Disposition: form-data - 这是您为两者显示的内容.

but, you would get a body.write(b'Content-Type: text/plain ') on the account_id field which is probably not what you want and have no way to customize the Content-Disposition for each field (still not sure why you would need to); for both the file and the field you will get: Content-Disposition: form-data - which is what you show for both.

我不确定你是否可以用 requests 做你想做的事，也许你应该尝试一个功能请求.

I'm not sure that you can do exactly what you want with requests, maybe you should try a feature request.

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