IP 地理查找如何工作? [英] How does geographic lookup by IP work?
问题描述
哪些 IP 分配给哪些 ISP 是公开信息?地理 IP 服务如何获取这些信息并维护这些信息?
Is which IPs are assigned to which ISPs public information? How do geo IP services obtain this information and maintain this information?
我如何在不使用这些服务之一的情况下亲自找出某个 IP 的位置?
How can I personally figure out where a certain IP belongs without using one of these services?
推荐答案
不管怎样，我在 ISP 行业的高层工作了十多年，所以我在这方面有相当多的经验.
For what it's worth, I worked at a senior level in the ISP industry for more than a decade so I have quite some experience with this.
这些区域的大小通常是大陆性的 - IP 地址不按国家/地区分配.
The regions are generally continental in size - IP addresses are not assigned on a per-country basis.
然后，RIR 将 IP 地址分配给 ISP，ISP 又将这些地址分配给最终用户.
The RIRs in turn then allocate IP addresses to ISPs, who in turn assign them to end-users.
每个 RIR 都维护一个 whois 服务器，可以查询该服务器不仅可以查明哪个 ISP 被分配了任何网络块，还可以在一定程度上查明哪个最终用户，以及该最终用户的地址.
Each of the RIRs maintain a whois server which can be queried to find out not only which ISP has been assigned any netblock, but to a certain extent which end-user, and that end-user's address.
请注意，许多 ISP 不会为每个客户填写此信息.因此，如果您是 DSL 服务的住宅用户，则 Geo 记录可能会提供您的 ISP 的地址，而不是您自己的地址.
Note that many ISPs do not fill out this information for every single customer. Hence if you're a residential subscriber of a DSL service, it's likely that the Geo records will give the address of your ISP, and not your own address.
各种地理定位提供商主要通过挖掘这些whois 记录来工作.请注意，这样做的合法性是一个灰色地带——RIPE 的数据库版权声明是这里.
The various GeoLocation providers mostly work by mining these whois records. Note that the legality of doing so is something of a gray area - RIPE's database copyright statement is here.
IANA 还维护 DNS 的根区域，但这与任何 IP 分配功能完全分开.保持域名操作和IP地址的区别非常重要.
IANA also maintains the root zone for the DNS, but that is completely separate from any IP allocation functions. It is very important to maintain the distinction between domain name operations and IP addresses.
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