从 F# 中的列表切片功能 [英] Slice like functionality from a List in F#

问题描述

使用数组 let foo = [|1;2;3;4|] 我可以使用以下任一方法从数组返回切片.

With an array let foo = [|1;2;3;4|] I can use any of the following to return a slice from an array.

foo.[..2] 
foo.[1..2] 
foo.[2..]

如何为 List let foo2 = [1;2;3;4] 做同样的事情?当我尝试与数组相同的语法时，我得到 error FS00039: The field, constructor or member 'GetSlice' is not defined.

How can I do the same thing for List let foo2 = [1;2;3;4]? When I try the same syntax as the array I get error FS00039: The field, constructor or member 'GetSlice' is not defined.

获取列表子部分的首选方法是什么?为什么它们不支持 GetSlice?

What's the preferred method of getting a subsection of a List and why aren't they built to support GetSlice?

推荐答案

首选的获取方式是什么列表的一个小节，为什么不是专为支持 GetSlice 而构建?

What's the preferred method of getting a subsection of a List and why aren't built to support GetSlice?

我们先把最后一个问题放在最后，把第一个问题放在最后:

Let's make the last question first and the first question last:

为什么列表不支持 GetSlice

列表被实现为链接列表，因此我们没有对它们进行有效的索引访问.相对而言，foo.[|m..n|] 对数组花费O(nm) 时间，等效语法为O(n)> 在名单上的时间.这是一个非常大的问题，因为它使我们无法在绝大多数有用的情况下有效地使用切片语法.

Lists are implemented as linked lists, so we don't have efficient indexed access to them. Comparatively speaking, foo.[|m..n|] takes O(n-m) time for arrays, an equivalent syntax takes O(n) time on lists. This is a pretty big deal, because it prevents us from using slicing syntax efficiently in the vast majority of cases where it would be useful.

例如，我们可以在线性时间内将数组切割成大小相等的部分:

For example, we can cut up an array into equal sized pieces in linear time:

let foo = [|1 .. 100|]
let size = 4
let fuz = [|for a in 0 .. size .. 100 do yield foo.[a..a+size] |]

但是如果我们使用列表呢?每次调用foo.[a..a+size]都会花费越来越长的时间，整个操作是O(n^2)，非常不合适为了这份工作.

But what if we were using a list instead? Each call to foo.[a..a+size] would take longer and longer and longer, the whole operation is O(n^2), making it pretty unsuitable for the job.

大多数时候，对列表进行切片是错误的方法.我们通常使用模式匹配来遍历和操作列表.

Most of the time, slicing a list is the wrong approach. We normally use pattern matching to traverse and manipulate lists.

切片列表的首选方法?

在可能的情况下，尽可能使用模式匹配.否则，您可以依靠 Seq.skip 和 Seq.take 为您切割列表和序列:

Wherever possible, use pattern matching if you can. Otherwise, you can fall back on Seq.skip and Seq.take to cut up lists and sequences for you:

> [1 .. 10] |> Seq.skip 3 |> Seq.take 5 |> Seq.toList;;
val it : int list = [4; 5; 6; 7; 8]

这篇关于从 F# 中的列表切片功能的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！