真实世界的树结构示例 [英] Real world examples of tree structures
问题描述
我正在寻找一些用于商业/免费软件项目的树结构示例，无论是现代的还是旧的.我可以在维基百科上看到示例，但我正在寻找更具体的示例以及如何使用它们.例如，数据库中的主键(根据我读过的内容)存储在 BST 结构或 BST 的变体中(请随时纠正我)
I'm looking for some examples of tree structures that are used in commercial/free software projects, modern or old. I can see examples on wikipedia, but I am looking for more concrete examples and how they're used. For example primary keys in databases are (from what I've read) stored in BST structure or a variation of the BST (feel free to correct me on this)
我的问题不限于二叉搜索树 (BST)，它可以包括任何变体，例如红黑、AVL 等.
My question isn't limited Binary Search Trees (BSTs), it can include any variation such as red-black, AVL and so on.
推荐答案
如果示例有点通用，即与图形相关而不一定与树相关，是否可以?如果是，请继续阅读.
Is it okay if the examples are a tad bit generic i.e. relate to graphs and not necessarily to trees? If it is, read on.
不用说，大多数 XML/标记解析器都使用树.例如，请参阅 Apache Xerces.或者，Xalan XSLT 解析器.感谢 mathewsdave26 提醒我！
PDF 是一种基于树的格式.它有一个 root 节点，后跟一个 catalog 节点(这些通常是相同的)，然后是一个 pages 节点，该节点有几个子 页面 节点.生产者/消费者通常使用平衡树实现将文档存储在内存中.
PDF is a tree based format. It has a root node followed by a catalog node(these are often the same) followed by a pages node which has several child page nodes. Producers/consumers often use a balanced tree implementation to store a document in memory.
计算机国际象棋游戏构建了一个巨大的树(训练)，它们在运行时使用启发式方法对其进行修剪以达到最佳移动.
Computer chess games build a huge tree (training) which they prune at runtime using heuristics to reach an optimal move.
Flare 是一个用 AS 编写的可视化库.您可能想查看数据对象的映射方式.特别是 flare.analytics 包大量使用图结构、生成树等.
Flare is a visualization library written in AS. You may want to check out how the data objects are mapped. In particular the flare.analytics package heavily uses a graph structure, spanning trees etc.
社交网络是 CS 研究中的当前流行语.不用说，连接/关系使用图非常自然地建模.通常，树用于表示/识别更有趣的现象.你如何回答哈利和莎莉有共同的朋友吗?"之类的问题?
Social networking is the current buzzword in CS research. It goes without saying that connections/relations are very naturally modeled using graphs. Often, trees are used to represent/identify more interesting phenomena. How do you answer questions like "Does Harry and Sally have any common friend(s)?"
一些非常成功的物理/游戏引擎构建了树木以准确模拟人类运动.在这种情况下，一棵树通常对应于一组动作；上下文将决定采用哪条路径来呈现特定响应.
Some very successful physics/games engines build trees to accurately simulate human movement. A tree in this case will typically correspond to a set of actions; The context will determine which path is taken to render a particular response.
基于决策树的学习实际上构成了数据挖掘研究的一个强大领域.存在许多著名的方法，例如在树上工作的 bagging、boosting 和修改.此类工作通常用于生成预测模型.
Decision Tree based Learning actually forms a formidable area of data mining research. Numerous famous methods exist like bagging, boosting, and modifications thereof which work on trees. Such work is often used to generate a predictive model.
生物信息学中的一个常见问题是搜索庞大的数据库以查找给定查询字符串的匹配项.尝试在那里很常见.
A common problem in bioinformatics is to search huge databases to find matches for a given query string. Tries are a common occurrence there.
不少成功的(股票)交易员在日常交易中使用决策树——选择交易，退出交易.很多时候，这些都没有编入计算机程序，而是写在笔记本背面的某处.
Quite a few successful (stock) traders use decision trees in their day to day trading -- to choose a trade, to exit one. Often times these are not codified in a computer program, but written down somewhere on the back of their notebook.
这篇关于真实世界的树结构示例的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
