关于MVC和Identity的两个问题 [英] Two questions about MVC, and Identity

问题描述

我对身份和 MVC 非常陌生，我正在尝试创建一个 MVC 应用程序作为我的第一个项目.

I am very new to identity and MVC, I am trying to create an MVC app as one of my first projects.

我已经能够关注 一些教程 并成功地向我的 ApplicationUser 添加了额外的属性:IdentityUser 类

I have been able to follow a few tutorials and have successfully added additional properties to my ApplicationUser : IdentityUser class

public class ApplicationUser
    : IdentityUser<string, ApplicationUserLogin,
    ApplicationUserRole, ApplicationUserClaim>
{
    [Required]
    [Display(Name = "UserName")]
    [StringLength(50)]
    public string Handle { get; set; }

    [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "Your {0} can be at most {1} characters long.")]
    [Display(Name = "First Name")]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "Your {0} can be at most {1} characters long.")]
    [Display(Name = "Last Name")]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [Display(Name = "User Creation Date")]
    public DateTime UserCreationDate { get; set; }

    public ApplicationUser()
    {
        this.Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

        // Add any custom User properties/code here
    }

我的问题是:

1. 我看到在 App_Start.IdentityConfig.cs 中电子邮件被设置为需要唯一的电子邮件，有没有办法将其设置为需要像 Handle 这样的唯一自定义属性?

1. I see where Email is set to require a unique Email in App_Start.IdentityConfig.cs, Is there a way to set it up to require a unique custom property like Handle?

    var manager = new ApplicationUserManager(new UserStore<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole, string, ApplicationUserLogin, ApplicationUserRole, ApplicationUserClaim>(context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));
    // Configure validation logic for usernames
    manager.UserValidator = new UserValidator<ApplicationUser>(manager)
    {
        AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
        RequireUniqueEmail = true
    };

在 Views.Shared._LoginPartial.cshtml 的部分视图中，它显示了使用 User.Identity.GetUserName() 登录应用程序的人的用户名/电子邮件是否有办法引用我的自定义属性之一取而代之的是 FirstName 或 Handle?

In the Partial View of Views.Shared._LoginPartial.cshtml it shows the UserName/Email of the person logging into the application using User.Identity.GetUserName() is there a way to reference one of my custom properties there instead such as FirstName, or Handle?

@using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity

@if (Request.IsAuthenticated)
{
    using (Html.BeginForm("LogOff", "Account", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "logoutForm", @class = "navbar-right" }))
    {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()

    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        <li>
            @Html.ActionLink("Hello " + User.Identity.GetUserName() + "!", "Index", "Manage", routeValues: null, htmlAttributes: new { title = "Manage" })
        </li>
        <li><a href="javascript:document.getElementById('logoutForm').submit()">Log off</a></li>
    </ul>
    }
}
else
{
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        <li>@Html.ActionLink("Register", "Register", "Account", routeValues: null, htmlAttributes: new { id = "registerLink" })</li>
        <li>@Html.ActionLink("Log in", "Login", "Account", routeValues: null, htmlAttributes: new { id = "loginLink" })</li>
    </ul>
}

推荐答案

实现自定义 UserValidator 已在此处介绍:如何自定义 Asp.net Identity 2 用户名已获取验证消息?

Implementing a custom UserValidator has already been covered here: How can customize Asp.net Identity 2 username already taken validation message?

与其为每个页面请求都访问数据库以显示句柄，不如在登录期间添加声明.

Rather than hitting the database for every page request to display the handle, add a claim during signin.

定义您自己的声明:

public static class CustomClaimTypes
{
    public const string Handle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2014/03/mystuff/claims/handle";
}

在登录期间，设置声明:

During signin, set the claim:

private async Task SignInAsync(ApplicationUser user, bool isPersistent, string password = null)
{
    AuthenticationManager.SignOut(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

    var identity = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

    //Get the handle and add the claim to the identity.
    var handle = GetTheHandle();
    identity.AddClaim(new Claim(CustomClaimTypes.Handle, handle);

    AuthenticationManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, identity);
}

然后，通过一个扩展方法，你可以像GetUserName()一样读出它:

Then, via an extension method you can read it out the same way as GetUserName():

public static class IdentityExtensions
{
    public static string GetHandle(this IIdentity identity)
    {
        if (identity == null)
            return null;

        return (identity as ClaimsIdentity).FirstOrNull(CustomClaimTypes.Handle);
    }

    internal static string FirstOrNull(this ClaimsIdentity identity, string claimType)
    {
        var val = identity.FindFirst(claimType);

        return val == null ? null : val.Value;
    }
}

最后，在您看来:

@User.Identity.GetHandle()

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