将位图文件读入结构 [英] Read bitmap file into structure

问题描述

我想将位图文件读入一个结构体并像例如这样操作它.制作镜像效果，但我不明白应该创建哪种结构才能读取它.

I would like to read a bitmap file into a struct and manipulate it like eg. making a mirror effect, but I cannot understand which kind of struct should I be creating in order to read into it.

感谢您的帮助.

推荐答案

»这是手动加载 .BMP 文件的方式

»This is how you manually load a .BMP file

位图文件格式:

• 位图文件头
• 位图信息标题
• 调色板数据
• 位图数据

代码部分.这是我们需要创建的结构来保存位图文件头.

So on with the code part. This is our struct we need to create to hold the bitmap file header.

#pragma pack(push, 1)

typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER
{
    WORD bfType;  //specifies the file type
    DWORD bfSize;  //specifies the size in bytes of the bitmap file
    WORD bfReserved1;  //reserved; must be 0
    WORD bfReserved2;  //reserved; must be 0
    DWORD bfOffBits;  //specifies the offset in bytes from the bitmapfileheader to the bitmap bits
}BITMAPFILEHEADER;

#pragma pack(pop)

bftype 字段会检查您是否确实在加载 .BMP 文件，如果是，则该字段应为 0x4D42.

The bftype field checks to see if you are in fact loading a .BMP file, and if you are, the field should be 0x4D42.

现在我们需要创建我们的 bitmapinfoheader 结构.这包含有关我们位图的信息.

Now we need to create our bitmapinfoheader struct. This holds info about our bitmap.

#pragma pack(push, 1)

typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER
{
    DWORD biSize;  //specifies the number of bytes required by the struct
    LONG biWidth;  //specifies width in pixels
    LONG biHeight;  //specifies height in pixels
    WORD biPlanes;  //specifies the number of color planes, must be 1
    WORD biBitCount;  //specifies the number of bits per pixel
    DWORD biCompression;  //specifies the type of compression
    DWORD biSizeImage;  //size of image in bytes
    LONG biXPelsPerMeter;  //number of pixels per meter in x axis
    LONG biYPelsPerMeter;  //number of pixels per meter in y axis
    DWORD biClrUsed;  //number of colors used by the bitmap
    DWORD biClrImportant;  //number of colors that are important
}BITMAPINFOHEADER;

#pragma pack(pop)

现在开始加载我们的位图.

Now on to loading our bitmap.

unsigned char *LoadBitmapFile(char *filename, BITMAPINFOHEADER *bitmapInfoHeader)
{
    FILE *filePtr;  //our file pointer
    BITMAPFILEHEADER bitmapFileHeader;  //our bitmap file header
    unsigned char *bitmapImage;  //store image data
    int imageIdx=0;  //image index counter
    unsigned char tempRGB;  //our swap variable

    //open file in read binary mode
    filePtr = fopen(filename,"rb");
    if (filePtr == NULL)
        return NULL;

    //read the bitmap file header
    fread(&bitmapFileHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1,filePtr);

    //verify that this is a .BMP file by checking bitmap id
    if (bitmapFileHeader.bfType !=0x4D42)
    {
        fclose(filePtr);
        return NULL;
    }

    //read the bitmap info header
    fread(bitmapInfoHeader, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,filePtr); 

    //move file pointer to the beginning of bitmap data
    fseek(filePtr, bitmapFileHeader.bfOffBits, SEEK_SET);

    //allocate enough memory for the bitmap image data
    bitmapImage = (unsigned char*)malloc(bitmapInfoHeader->biSizeImage);

    //verify memory allocation
    if (!bitmapImage)
    {
        free(bitmapImage);
        fclose(filePtr);
        return NULL;
    }

    //read in the bitmap image data
    fread(bitmapImage,bitmapInfoHeader->biSizeImage,1,filePtr);

    //make sure bitmap image data was read
    if (bitmapImage == NULL)
    {
        fclose(filePtr);
        return NULL;
    }

    //swap the R and B values to get RGB (bitmap is BGR)
    for (imageIdx = 0;imageIdx < bitmapInfoHeader->biSizeImage;imageIdx+=3)
    {
        tempRGB = bitmapImage[imageIdx];
        bitmapImage[imageIdx] = bitmapImage[imageIdx + 2];
        bitmapImage[imageIdx + 2] = tempRGB;
    }

    //close file and return bitmap image data
    fclose(filePtr);
    return bitmapImage;
}

现在利用所有这些:

BITMAPINFOHEADER bitmapInfoHeader;
unsigned char *bitmapData;
// ...
bitmapData = LoadBitmapFile("mypic.bmp",&bitmapInfoHeader);
//now do what you want with it, later on I will show you how to display it in a normal window

稍后我将介绍写入 .BMP，以及如何加载 targa 文件以及如何显示它们.«

Later on I'll put up Writing to a .BMP, and how to load a targa file, and how to display them.«

引自:http://www.vbforums.com/showthread.php?261522-CC-Loading-Bitmap-Files-%28Manually%29(用户:BeholderOf).(做了一些小的更正)

Quoted from: http://www.vbforums.com/showthread.php?261522-C-C-Loading-Bitmap-Files-%28Manually%29 (User: BeholderOf). (Some minor corrections done)

这篇关于将位图文件读入结构的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！