如何使用 awk 提取具有精确匹配的行 [英] How to use awk to extract a line with exact match

问题描述

如何使用 awk 在文件中搜索精确匹配项?

How do I use awk to search for an exact match in a file?

test.txt
hello10
hello100
hello1000

我尝试了以下操作，它返回所有 3 行

I have tried the following and it returns all 3 lines

awk '$0 ~ /^hello10/{print;}' test.txt

grep -w hello10 可以解决问题，但在这个盒子上，grep 版本非常有限，而且只有几个开关可用

grep -w hello10 does the trick but on this box grep version is very limited and only few switches available

推荐答案

要进行整行正则表达式匹配，您需要使用 ^ 和 <代码>$:

To do a full line regular expression match you need to anchor at the beginning and the end of the line by using ^ and $:

$ awk '/^hello10$/' test.txt
hello10

但是除了我们刚刚添加的锚定之外，您实际上并没有使用任何正则表达式功能，这意味着您实际上想要简单的旧字符串比较:

But you're not actually using any regular expression features beside the anchoring we just added which means you actually want plain old string comparison:

$ awk '$0=="hello10"' test.txt
hello10

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