字符串的grep文件并将目录复制到另一个目录 [英] grep file for string and copy directory to another directory

问题描述

我有大量目录，每个目录中只有一个文件 -- index.html --.我想使用 grep 在文件中查找模式，然后将目录与文件一起复制到另一个目录.

复制文件的示例，我已经看到了，但我想将包含文件的目录复制到另一个目录中.

所以说以下是使用

与目录匹配的文件列表

grep -rl "string" source_dird1/index.htmkd2/index.htmld3/index.html

......一长串.

现在想要复制到 dest-dir，所以 dest_dir 看起来像

<预><代码>...d1/index.htmld2/index.htmld3/index.html......

TIA

解决方案

要保留目录结构，请使用 cpio 在传递模式下.cpio 大约与 tar<一样古老/a> 并且曾经有更多的优势，但它有点陷入默默无闻.我是新手，主要是遵循古老的 Linux Journal cpio 指南 构建此命令:

mkdir dest_dircd source_dirgrep -Zlr "string" .|cpio -p0dmv ../dest_dir

这会传递一个以空结尾* 符合条件的文件列表通过管道直接进入 cpio，它旨在以这种方式获取文件列表，然后存档或复制(通过-通过，"-p).我们在这里做后者，保留目录结构 (-d) 以及修改时间 (-m).我已将其设置为详细 (-v)，以便您可以查看进度.如果您通过 ssh 连接，您可能不希望这样，因为通过网络呈现每个文件名会减慢进程.

* 关于空终止: 我使用 grep -Zl 和 cpio -0 来解决包含换行符的文件名问题(不要这样做!);grep -Zl 列出由空字符(路径的唯一无效字符)分隔的所有匹配文件，并且 cpio -0 需要以空字符结尾的输入(与 xargs 一样)-0).

 

我最初建议 tar 创建一个临时存档，然后再次使用 tar 将其解压缩到新位置.这使用 xargs 将文件列表转换为参数，因为 tar 无法接受另一个文件中的文件列表(或标准输入，如 cpio 确实)，但是 xargs 将太长的命令拆分为多个调用，并且 tar 无法提取连接的输出**.

mkdir dest_dircd source_dirgrep -Zlr "string" .|xargs -0 tar -pc |tar -pxi --directory=../dest_dir

这将创建您的目标目录，进入源目录，并使用 -Zl(以空字符结尾的文件列表*)和 -r(递归).xargs -0 将该列表转换为 tar 的参数，后者将它们存档.另一个 tar 实例然后将它们提取到目标目录中.

** xargs 默认为 --max-procs=1 并且应该一次运行一个进程，从而产生多个 tarball串联在一起.tar 格式应该能够处理这个问题，尽管 进一步阅读 建议一个简单的解决方案是添加 -i(忽略零) 到提取 tar 来解决这个问题.我把它添加到上面的代码中，但没有测试过.

I have large number of directories with just one file -- index.html -- in each directory. I would want to use grep to look for pattern in file and then copy the directory along with the file to another directory.

Example for copying files, I have seen, but I would want to copy the directory with the file in to another directory.

so say following are the list of matching files with directory using

grep -rl "string" source_dir


d1/index.htmk
d2/index.html
d3/index.html

... ... a long list.

Now would want to copy to dest-dir so dest_dir looks like

.
..
d1/index.html
d2/index.html
d3/index.html
...
...

TIA

解决方案

To preserve the directory structure, use cpio in pass-through mode. cpio is about as old as tar and used to have more advantages, but it has kind of slipped into obscurity. I'm new to it and mostly followed an ancient Linux Journal cpio guide to build this command:

mkdir dest_dir
cd source_dir
grep -Zlr "string" . |cpio -p0dmv ../dest_dir

This passes a null-terminated* list of files matching your criteria through a pipeline directly into cpio, which is designed to take a list of files in this manner and then either archive or copy ("pass-through," -p). We do the latter here, preserving the directory structure (-d) as well as modification times (-m). I've set this to verbose (-v) so you can watch the progress. If you're connecting via ssh, you might not want that since rendering each filename over the network can slow down the process.

* Regarding null termination:  I used grep -Zl with cpio -0 to work around the issue of file names containing newlines (don't do that!); grep -Zl lists all matching files delimited by null characters (the only invalid character for a path) and cpio -0 expects null-terminated inputs (as does xargs -0).

 

I originally recommended tar to create a temporary archive and tar again to extract it into the new location. This used xargs to convert the file list into arguments since tar doesn't have the ability to accept its list of files within another file (or standard input, as cpio does), but xargs splits commands that are too long into multiple calls and tar can't extract the concatenated output**.

mkdir dest_dir
cd source_dir
grep -Zlr "string" . |xargs -0 tar -pc |tar -pxi --directory=../dest_dir

This makes your destination directory, enters the source directory, and runs grep with -Zl (null-terminated file list*) and -r (recursive). xargs -0 turns that list into arguments for tar, which archives them. Another tar instance then extracts them into the destination directory.

** xargs defaults to --max-procs=1 and should run one process at a time, resulting in multiple tarballs that are concatenated together. The tar format is supposed to be able to handle this, though further reading suggested a simple solution is to add a -i (ignore zeros) to the extracting tar to solve that problem. I added it to the above code but have not tested it.

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